2014年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
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考试科目代码 812 考试科目名称 英语语法与翻译
I. Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered groups in the ANSWER SHEET (see the following model). There are 70 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point.(70 points) MODEL: 01-05: AAABC, 06-10: AAABC 11-15: AAABC, 16-20: AAABC
1. Traditionally, Samoan parents left speaking to children ______ their older siblings. A. for B. to C. of D. at
2. My beliefs about the varieties of language from which I may choose, based on my perceptions of their use and users, ______ account for my management decisions: A. help B. helps C. helped D. helping
3. The foes were ambushed on the way of withdrawal, namely, they ______. A. got beat B. got beaten C. get beaten D. get beat
4. Don’t worry about the seats. There are ______ chairs in the room. A. both B. a large amount of C. plenty of D. a great deal of
5. “In a study of immigrant former Soviet families in Israel, Kopeliovich (2006) found that some children appear to be more susceptible to internal influence and others to external: the one family in which she found strong Russian maintenance had only two children.” ______ is the subject (or doer) of the verb “had” underlined.
A. Kopeliovich B. maintenance C. Russian D. family
6. In the garden near the river, tourists are attracted by the hives surrounded by a ______ of bees. A. swarm B. shoal C. herd D. flock
7. She must have worked all night, for, you see, she is with ______ eyes. A. sinking B. sunken C. sunk D. sink
8. Literacy of course permitted scattered Jewish traders to keep contact with their partners and families. Which of the following is the predicate of the sentence? A. permitted scattered B. scattered C. permitted D. keep
9. The exploration of the religious domain has shown the existence of pressure for language policy and ______ specific management policies applied by major religions. A. in B. for
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C. at D. of
10. The cadets spent ______ their time working out the issue. A. half B. most C. more D. both
11. Thirdly, religious institutions, each with its own internal policy structure -- rabbis, priests, and imams passing on beliefs and practices to congregants -- constitute an important external factor adding to the pressures on its members and on their families. What is the predicate verb in this sentence? A. passing B. structure C. constitute D. adding 12. In vain _____ to get in touch with the Embassy. A. did they try B. tried they C. they tried D. they have tried
13. We ______recommend the book as a reference book for the freshmen. A. pretty B. highly C. high D. prettily
14. For educational systems, the decision on additional languages may be set at the top or left to individual schools. The word “left” is ______ A. a noun B. an adjective C. a verb(past participle) D. a verb(past tense)
15. You ______all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A. can not have done B. must not have done C. shouldn’t have done D. needn’t have done
16. Computers can be so many complex things, which _______ considered miraculous in the past. A. can be B. have been C. would have been D. had been
17. The international flight was cancelled because of the flu epidemic. The underlined word means ______. A. call off B. call up C. call for D. call on
18. The teaching of _______ is clearly labeled as a foreign language varies considerably. A. how B. what C. as D. when
19. The general practice in systems where all the words uttered in court are recorded and transcribed to form a record that might be consulted on appeal to a higher court is that anything in another language must be translated into the official language, the resulting translation (right or wrong) constituting the official record. Which is the predicate verb of the main sentence？
A. are recorded and transcribed B. might be consulted C. is D. must be translated
20. Over time, the greater complexity of language engineering (another term tried by some) was recognized, so that it would have to include “a broad range of different sociolinguistic situations at different levels of enlargement (from nation to firm), of a broad range of different interests and population groups (from women to refugees), under widely different communicative circumstances (of media, channels, information processing), and foremost, of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions.” In this sentence, ______ are in the parallel in grammar？
A. of different sociolinguistic situations; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the
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different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions
B. of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; under widely different communicative circumstances; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions C. of different sociolinguistic situations: of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions
D. of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions
21. It’s rather hard to draw a _______ line between the two things. A. clean-cut B. clear-cutting C. clean-cutting D. clear-cut
22. I did not turn up in the party the day before yesterday, because I ______ forgot it. A. clean B. clearly C. cleanly D. clear 23. ______, I’ll have a try.
A. To sink or to swim B. Sink or swim
C. To sink or swim D. Sinking or swimming
24. The Justice Minister of South Africa expressed regret that the law courts continued to be run in English and Afrikaans and supported the ANC position that the policy must be changed. Which two words are in parallel in grammar？
A．continued and supported B. expressed and supported C．expressed and changed D. continued and changed 25. He knows little of physics, and ______ of math. A. even more B. still less C. no less D. still more 26. There is no man ______ errs.
A. who B. which C. but D. that
27. In ______ are called maintenance programs, the endpoint will still maintain some time for the home language, perhaps once a day for enrichment or one or two subjects still taught in the home language. A. while B. that C. what D. when
28. As long as there is a ______ of hope for the success, we will make 100% efforts to prepare. A. fit B. flight C. bundle D. flash 29. Let’s ______ we have a million US dollars.
A. make believe B. take believe C. feel like D. let drop
30. There ______ out to be in many situations in which organizations (and nations too for that matter) would benefit from a language policy, but do not see it as of high enough priority to develop one. A. turning B. turns C. turned D. turn 31. He did it in ______ time it took me.
A. the one-third B. half a
C. the double D. one-third the
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32. Who lives in the ______ house?
A. new big classical-style B. classical-style new big C. new classical-style big D. big new classical style
33. Confounding the issue are the two opposed views brought to language policy questions: the belief that the main goal of language policy is linguistic convergence in order to build national unity and social cohesion, and the contrasting belief that the main goal of language policy must be to maintain linguistic diversity. The subject of the sentence is ______. A. confounding the issue B. the issue C. the belief…and the contrasting belief D. views
34. She made a point ______ coming late so that everyone would look at her. A. for B. of C. in D. with
35. As a general rule, schools teach the literary or written standard form of a language. Under the influence of language teaching ideologies like the Direct Method or the Audio-lingual Method or the Communicative approach, they may add the spoken language, but usually as a small part of the curriculum. The underlined pronoun “they” refers to ______. A. ideologies
B. the Direct Method or the Audio-lingual Method or the Communicative approach C. schools
D. Some people afore-mentioned 36. The post office is only ______ away. A. a stone’s throw B. stone’s throw C. stone throw D. a stone throw
37. ______ income tax, rates, and the cost of repairs to the house, Mr. Corder has saved very little this year. A. Thanks to B. What with C. Along with D. Except for 38. I was afraid of the tent ______ down during the night. A. being fallen B. fallen C. falling D. fell
39. ______ rain, the football match will be postponed. A. In the consequence of B. In defiance of C. In danger of D. In the event of
40. In this section, I propose to look at some cases of community language activism similar to those that have been described but more like the Māori case, where there is no anticipation of the minority ever becoming a majority, than the Hebrew and other nationalist cases where language activism was part of a movement towards autonomy and eventual independence. In this complex sentence, the phrase “some cases of community language activism” is modified by ______? A. none
B. “similar to those that have been described”
C. “similar to those that have been described” and “more like the Māori case”
D. “similar to those that have been described” and “more like the Māori case, where there is no anticipation of the minority ever becoming a majority, than the Hebrew and other nationalist cases where language activism was part of a movement towards autonomy and eventual independence” 41. We came to Sichuang Province with an eye to visiting the _______ area.
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A. poverty-striking B. poverty-stricken C. poor-striking D. poor-stricken
42. Many a student at this university contemplated ______ to the West of China after graduation. A. to go B. go C. going D. gone
43. The trainer has his students _______ a lot of warming-up exercises each time. A. done B. to do C. doing D. do
44. “As time went on, the Palestine Jewish community took on more of the characteristics of a resistance movement, especially after the publication by the British government of the White Paper threatening to close down Jewish emigration to Palestine just at the time that the Nazi destruction of the European Jewish communities was getting under way.” Which is “the White Paper” used to modify? A. resistance movement B. Jewish community C. British government D. publication 45. To teach students English is my ______ duty. A. bound B. binding C. binded D. bounden 46. He’s dealt _______ and square with me. A. fair B. fairly B. firm D. firmly
47. Earlier scholarship dealing with what Nekvapil (2006) thinks can still be labeled language planning was generally confined to the activities of the governments of independent nation-states. _______ is the predicate verb(s) in the sentence? A. dealing with B. thinks C. can be labeled D. was confined 48. _______he uttered the words there was a dead silence. A. Directly B. Clearly C. Rightly D. Ferociously
49. Our working assumption in the following will be that local governments will undertake language management to deal with local internal problems – if there is multilingualism, they must establish official or working languages for internal use and for providing services for citizens. The underlined pronoun “they” refers to ______? A. problems B. somebody else C. local governments D. citizens
50. The lady standing at the corner was a little of ______, I suppose. A. the coquette B. coquette C. a coquette D. coquettes
51. Fishman similarly shows how the contemporary status of Yiddish has been buoyed by the addition of sacred ______ political arguments. A. beyond B. beneath C. over D. to
52. ______ irritation occur, discontinue use immediately. A. Would B. Might C. Could D. Should
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53. We have never known him ______ his temper before. A. to lose B. lose C. to losing D. losing
54. Concerns about the falling standard of English (and the resultant lack of competitiveness), the unemployment rate of the ethnic Malays who are largely monolingual and the continued segregation of the races prompted the then Minister of Education, Musa Mohamed, ______ that beginning from January 2003 a Malay-English mixed-medium education would be implemented in national schools. A. declaring B. to declare C. declare D. having declared 55. I’d rather you ______ to the library now. A. go B. went C. had gone D. have gone
56. After my speech, I heard a ______ of cough from the corner of the auditorium. A. display B. peal C. fit D. slice
57. “Efforts to strengthen human rights include providing access to government services for linguistic minorities and education in Kazakh and other minority languages. ” This sentence pattern belongs to _______.
A. SVOC B. SVOA C. SVO D. SVC
58. Being lost in the woods, Thomson was at his ______. A. wit’s end B. wits’ ends C. wits’ end D. wit’s ends
59. Mr. Lambert, _____we have made rapid progress in physics, is one of the best teachers in our school. A. whose help B. of whom C. with whose help D. with who
60. This revealed two generalizations that serve to correct linguicentrism, the tendency to assume language is central. What is the relationship between “linguicentrism” and “tendency” in the sentence? A. no relation B. attributive C. apposition D. adverbial?
61. The woman with strong ambition was finally unsuccessful, ______? A. was the woman B. wasn’t the woman C. was she D. wasn’t she
62. He is about to take the floor ______ language management, which is holding the attention of many experts in the world.
A. esteeming B. evading C. retarding D. respecting 63. People hate ______ queues everywhere. A. there to be B. there being C. there be D. there is
64. Finally, we sketched language services (translation and interpreting), the rapid recent expansion of which attests the slowness with which other more permanent language management activities achieve worthwhile results. The underlined word “which” refers to ______. A. language services B. slowness
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C. language management activities D. expansion
65. I ______ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so due to the fact that was very late. A. had meant B. meant C. have meant D. mean 66. He is ______ than his brother.
A. more sportsman B. more of a sportsman
C. more sportsman enough D. more enough of a sportsman
67. “A language community as Hockett (1958) for instance used the term might be the English-speaking world, the complexity of which we realize since Kachru (1986) identified the many varieties which constitute World English, or the Francophone world (although francophonie is more a political than a linguistic concept), or at the other extreme, the last remaining speakers of a dying language.” ______ are in the parallel in grammar in this above sentence？
A. the English-speaking world; the complexity; the Francophone world and at the other extreme B. the English-speaking world; the Francophone world and at the other extreme
C. the English-speaking world; the Francophone world and the last remaining speakers of a dying language D. World English; the Francophone world and the last remaining speakers of a dying language 68. Law and order ______ different things to people with different political opinions. A. meant B. means C. mean D. have meant
69. He may have shortcomings and faults, but he is a good student for ______. A. all this B. all those C. all that D. all these 70. The criminal even threatened ______ the president. A. murdering B. to murder C. to murdering D. murder
II. Point out the sentence types of the following, and then enlarge and complicate these sentences without changing their sentence types, and finally underline the original sentence elements. There are five sentences in all, each of which is worth four points. (20 points) Eg. The governments shall take measures. →
SVO: For the sake of popularizing Putonghua and the standardized Chinese characters, the governments at various levels and the relevant departments under them shall take measures.
1. The survival of a forest depends on rainfall. 2. The deed tarnished his reputation.
3. Any effort would require the applicant to prepare.
4. Immigrant advocates say the Deferred Action has worked well. 5. A school is a school.
III. Translate from Chinese to English. (30 points)
我冒了严寒，回到相隔二千余里，别了二十余年的故乡去。
时候既然是深冬；渐近故乡时，天气又阴晦了，冷风吹进船舱中，呜呜的响，从缝隙向外一望，苍黄的天底下，远近横着几个萧索的荒村，没有一些活气。我的心禁不住悲凉
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起来了。
阿，这不是我二十年来时时记得的故乡？
我所记得的故乡全不如此。我的故乡好得多了。但要我记起他的美丽，说起他的佳处来，却又没有影像，没有言辞了。仿佛也就如此。于是我自己解释说：故乡本也如此，——虽然没有进步，也未必有如我所感的悲凉，这只是我自己心情的改变罢了，因为我这次回乡，本没有什么好心绪。
IV. Translate from English to Chinese. (30 points)
The teaching of what is clearly labeled as a foreign language varies considerably. A first question is the choice of a variety or language. In much of the world, English is now the first foreign language, although in Asia there is pressure for Chinese, in countries with Romance languages pressure for Spanish or French, and in the former Soviet Union some inertia for Russian. The main forces here may be historical (former colonial status) or geographic (major regional languages) or increasingly economic (major trading partner). Here again, various participants may have different beliefs or values. Strongly nationalist central governments are likely to stress the historical; parents are likely to be more influenced by their beliefs about the value of a language in getting a job or making economic progress; educational establishments are likely to defend the existing pattern, with its easily available materials and methods and teachers.
It is taking major efforts to replace traditional teaching of French in English-speaking countries by more relevant teaching of other European or Oriental or Middle Eastern languages. Lambert commented on the traditional patterns in English speaking countries: “In Britain and Ireland, the choice is overwhelmingly French, although Ireland in particular is trying to expand the study of German, and Australia is doing the same with the languages of the region they inhabit, Asia.”
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