一般现在时
【定 义】
一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。即描述我们日常生活中的衣食住行等活动。 【用 法】
(1) 在实际应用中，一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month, once a week, on Sundays ……
例句：He usually plays football on Sundays. (2)没有时间状语，可以分以下四种类型：
A．be型 这一类型由be动词+名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词或介词短语等一起构成谓语，表
示主语的个性、特征或状态。如： ①I am a student.(主语+be动词+名词) ②They are hungry.（主语+be动词+形容词） ③He is out.(主语+be动词+副词) ④That pen is mine.(主语+be动词+代词) ⑤I am fifteen.(主语+be动词+数词)
⑥The bike is under the tree.(主语+be动词+介词短语)
B．do型 do型由行为动词充当谓语，表示经常性或习惯性的动作，
其构成为“主语+动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式”。如： ①I know it. ②He believes me.
C．there be型 1
there be型句子表示“某地存在…”，其构成为“there be+主语+其他”，表示客观事实。用法
遵循“就近原则”，即主语是单数或并列主语中的第一个主语是单数，则用there is；主语是复数或并列主语中的第一个主语是复数，则用there are。如： （1）There is an eraser on the teacher's desk.(主语an eraser是单数)
（2）There is an orange，five apples and eight bananas in the bag.(并列主语中的第一个主语an orange是单数)
D．情态动词型 情态动词型句子的构成为“主语+情态动词+动词原形”，情态动词和动词原形一起构成谓
语，表示说话人对所叙述的动作或状态的看法。如： ①He can speak a little English.(can+speak) ②May I have a book, please?(may+have)
【练 习】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。（Be动词） 一般现在时中的be动词有四中形式: am is are be 其中：am用于一人称主语I之后，构成I am…句型。 is 用于三人称单数主语she, he, it或单个的人和物之后，构成She/He/It is…句型。 are用于二人称you或复数主语we, they之后，构成You/We/They are…句型。 be为该动词的原形，用于情态动词can, may, must…之后或用于祈使句中。 如：Be careful! 当心！ 1. Jim __________(be) a hard-working student at school. 2. __________(be) Tom and Sam in the same class? 3. Your school life __________(be) very interesting.
4. There __________(be) a pen, two rulers and some books on the desk. 5. The boys __________(be) very friendly to me. 6. Maria __________(be not) from the U.S.A.
7. __________(be) there any trees and a pool in the yard? 8. I want to __________(be) a teacher.
9. Mr. Wang can’t __________(be) at home, because the lights are off. 10. Don’t __________(be) late for school again. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。（情态动词）
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情态动词有 can“能够，可以” may“可以” must必须 + 动词原形（不需变化） should 应该 1. My mom can __________(cook) food well. 2. Must she __________(stay) at home now?
3. What can the boy __________(do) for his parents? 4. Tom can’t __________(sing) an English song.
5. He may __________(perform) ballet at Kangkang’s birthday party. 6. She should __________(help) her parents do some housework. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空。（实义动词） 主语（一，二人称或三人称复数） + 动词原形 主语（三人称单数） + 动词三人称单数形式（动词s/es） 否定句中（don’t, doesn’t） + 动词原形 疑问句中（Do, Does + 主语） + 动词原形 1. Tom often __________(take) a talk after supper. 2. Tom and I usually __________(go) to school by bike. 3. Does Lin Tao __________(like) reading storybooks? 4. What classes do you __________(have) today? 5. How often does the girl __________(watch) TV? 6. Where do they __________(live) now?
7. Every year many people __________(lose) their lives in traffic accidents. 8. Sam doesn’t __________(get) up early in the morning. 9. Each of them __________(have) a nice schoolbag. 10. They each __________(sleep) late at night.
四、句型转换。（Be动词） 否定句：直接在be动词之后加not。 疑问句：将be动词提到主语之前。 1. She is in a blue dress.（变否定句）
She __________ __________ a blue dress. 2. I am from Qijiang.（变一般疑问句） __________ __________ from Qijiang?
3. Are the storybooks very interesting?（否定回答） No, __________ __________.
4. His parents are both workers.（变一般疑问句） __________ his parents __________ workers?
5. There are some nice books on the shelf.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ on the shelf? 五、句型转换。（情态动词）
否定句：直接在情态动词之后加not。 疑问句：将情态动词提到主语之前。 1. My mother may speak a little English.（变否定句） My mother __________ __________ speak a little English.
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2. We should be careful when we cross the street.（变一般疑问句） __________ __________ be careful when we cross the street? 3. Must I finish my homework at once?（作肯定和否定回答） Yes, __________ __________. No, __________ __________.
4. Tom can recite a Chinese poem.（对划线部分提问） What __________ Tom __________? 六、句型转换。（实义动词） 否定句：三人称单数主语 + doesn’t +还原动词 其他主语 + don’t + 动词 疑问句：Does + 三人称单数主语 + 还原动词？ Do + 其他主语 + 动词？ 1. They often play the piano loudly.（变否定句）
They __________ often __________ the piano louldy. 2. Jim learns English well.（变一般疑问） __________ Jim __________ English well?
3. She likes Sichuan food very much.（对划线部分提问） What __________ she __________ very much?
4. Do the boys usually play football after school?（作肯定回答） Yes, __________ __________.
5. She usually does some cooking in the evening.（变否定句）
She usually __________ __________ any cooking in the evening. 6. I want to do some shopping.（变一般疑问句） __________ you __________ to do any shopping? 7. Tom often wathes TV at night.（对划线部分提问） What __________ Tom often __________ at night?
8. They sometimes go swimming in the afternoon.（对划线部分提问） What __________ they sometimes __________ in the evening?
一般过去时
【定 义】
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生过了的动作或存在过的状态。即描述已经发生过了的事情。
【时间标志性词】 yesterday，the day before yesterday, in 2010, (three days) ago, last (night,
month, year, weekend), just now, 另一般过去时也表示经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频率的时间状语连用。例如：
I always went to school on foot last year. 去年我通常走路去上学。
【用 法】
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A．be型 这一类型由be动词（was和were）+名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词或介词短语等一起构成谓语，表示主语以前或过去的个性、特征或状态。如： ①I was a student ten years ago.(主语+be动词+名词) ②They were hungry just now.（主语+be动词+形容词） ③The bike was under the tree yesterday.(主语+be动词+介词短语) ④It was rainy last Sunday. ⑤They were very happy at Kangkang’s birthday party. B．did型 did型由行为动词过去式充当谓语，表示以前做过的某事，其构成为“主语+动词过去式动词”。如：
① I knew him when I was young. ②He believed me at that time . C．there be（was/were）型 there be型句子表示“某地曾经存在…”，其构成为“there be（was/were）+主语 +其他”。用法遵循“就近原则”， D．情态动词型 情态动词型句子的构成为“主语+情态动词过去式could+动词原形”，情态动词过去式和动词原形一起构成谓语，表示主语过去或曾经能做的事情。如： ①He could speak a little English last year.(could+speak) ②What could she do when he was ten.
【练 习】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。（Be动词）
一般过去时中的be动词有两种形式: was和were 其中：was用于单数主语之后，构成I/she/he/It was…句型。 were用于复数主语和二人称you之后，构成You/We/They were…句型。 1. I __________(be) a little girl at that time. 2. When __________(be) you born? 3. Maria __________(be) born in Cuba.
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4. The weather yesterday __________(be) very cold.
5. They __________(be) very happy at Kangkang’s birthday party yesterday. 6. What __________(be) the date the day before yesterday? 7. __________(be) you at home a moment ago?
8. Where __________(be) your parents last Saturday?
9. My mother __________(be not) in Chongqing last month. 10. How __________(be) the weather this morning? 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。（情态动词） 情态动词can的过去式为could，无人称变化。 1. Jane __________(can) speak Chinese well when she was only five. 2. __________(can) they dance the disco last year? 3. I __________(can not) sleep well last night. 4. What __________(can) you do just now? 三、用所给词的适当形式填空。（实义动词） 首先根据句中提供的时间短语确定是否该用过去式。 然后判断该动词是属于规则动词还是不规则动词。 规则动词直接加ed，不规则动词则需强化记忆。 1. I __________(like) reading books before. But now I don’t. 2. She __________(watch) TV late yesterday evening. 3. We __________(clean) up our classroom a moment ago.
4. __________ they __________(have) any bread this morning? 5. What __________ you __________(do) the day before yesterday? 6. Tom __________(go) to visit the Great Wall last year. 7. Mr. Wang __________(sing) an English song just now.
8. __________ Lin Tao have a good time at the party last Sunday?
9. We __________(not porform) ballet yesterday. We __________(recite) a poem. 10. The wind yesterday __________(blow) strongly. 四、句型转换。（Be动词）
否定句：直接在was/were后加not。 疑问句：将was/were提到主语之前。 1. I was born in a small town.（变为一般疑问句） __________ you __________ in a small town?
2. Sam was a little boy at that time.（变为否定句） Sam __________ __________ little boy at that time.
3. His friends were in the library just now.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ his friends just now? 4. Were they very happy yesterday?（作否定回答） No, __________ __________.
5. Was your brother born in Chongqing?（作肯定回答） Yes, __________ __________. 五、句型转换。（情态动词） 肯定句：直接在could后加not. 疑问句：将could提到主语之前。 1. I could sing English songs when I was five.（变一般疑问句）
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__________ you __________ English songs when you were five? 2. The boy could ride a bike last year.（变否定句） The boy __________ __________ a bike last year. 3. They could play a game yesterday.（对划线部分提问） What __________ they __________ yesterday?
4. Could your friends cook food last Sunday?（作肯定回答） Yes, __________ __________. 六、句型转换。（实义动词） 否定句：didn’t + 还原动词 疑问句：Did + 主语 + 还原动词 1. I went to Sichuan with my friends during summer holidays.（变否定句）
I __________ __________ to Sichuan with my friends during summer holidays. 2. She recited a poem at Kangkang’s birthday party.（变一般疑问句） __________ she __________ a poem at Kangkang’s birthday party? 3. They did their homework half an hour ago.（变否定句）
They __________ __________ their homework half an hour ago. 4. Tom sang a song beautifully yesterday.（对划线部分提问） What __________ Tom __________ yesteray?
5. Jim took many pictures in winter holidays.（变一般疑问句） __________ Jim __________ many pictures in winter holidays? 6. Did the kid hurt himself just now?（做否定回答） No, __________ __________.
7. They knew the girl in blue well?（对划线部分提问） Who __________ they __________ well?
8. I forgot to close the door yesterday evening.（对划线部分提问） What __________ you __________ to do yesterday evening?
现在（正在）进行时
【定 义】现在（正在）进行时表示说话的瞬间正在进行或发生的事情。
如：They are singing and dancing happily now . 他们正在高兴地唱歌跳舞。
She is showing her friend around the city . 她正在带一位朋友游览城市。
【结 构】主语+ be（am / is / are）+动词的-ing形式。
肯定句形式： I + am 动词ing. 如：I am reading (read) an interesting story book now. She/He/It + is 动词ing. 如：Tom is reading (read) an interesting story book now. We/You/They + are动词ing. 如：They are reading (read) an interesting story book now.
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否定句形式： 直接在be（am, is, are）之后加not，其余照抄。 如: I am not reading ( not read) an interesting story book now. Tom isn’t reading ( not read) an interesting story book now. They aren’t reading ( not read) an interesting story book now. 一般疑问句： 直接将be（am, is, are）提到主语之前，其余照抄。 如：Is Tom reading (read) an interesting story book now? Are they reading (read) an interesting story book now? 特殊疑问句：首先分析划线部分的意思，确定用哪个疑问词（what, where, who, when, which, whose, how, how many, how much, what shape, what colour, what … doing, where … going, what … do）,然后再将原句变为一般疑问句形式（即将be动词提到主语之前，其余的不变）。 如：What time is Tom reading(read) an interesting story book? Where are they taking(take) pictures? 现在进行时的时间标志短语汇总：
现在（正在）进行时常与一些固定的时间短语搭配使用：
① now“现在”
如: Jim is playing soccer now. ② Look! Listen! “看啊！听啊！”
如：Look! Mr. Lee is working on the computer. Listen! The birds are sing in the tree. ③ right now= at the moment“此刻”
如：The monkeys are climbing up the trees at the momnet. ④ Where is…? 问题的回答，暗指说话的时候。
如：—Where is your mom, Tom?
—Oh, she is cooking in the kitchen. ⑤ 前面早就阐明是现在的短文中。
【练 习】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. My parents ____________（watch）TV now. 2. Look. Three boys ___________（run）.
3. What _______ your mother ___________（do）now? 4. _______ your dog ___________ now?（sleep）
5. _______ you ___________（listen）to music? Yes, I am.
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6. Look, Miss Chen ___________ football.（play）
7. Tom and his sister ___________（wait）for you over there. 8. Now Class 3 and Class 4___________（have）a test. 9. Listen, someone ___________（sing）in the classroom. 10. ——Where is Zhang Yan?
——She ___________（talk）with her teacher in the teacher’s office. 11. The boy ___________ _____________ ( draw)a picture now.
12. Listen .Some girls __________ ____________ ( sing)in the classroom . 13. My mother __________________ ( cut )some bread now. 14. What _________ you __________ ( do ) now?
15. Look. They __________________( have) an English lesson . 16. They __________ _________(not ,play) basketball now.
17.Look! the girls __________ _____________(dance )in the classroom . 18.What is our grandmother doing? She _______________(watch) TV.
19. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _________ ___________(have)supper now 20. The cats (run) in the garden now. 二、句型转换。
1. Look! Lily is dancing.（改为一般疑问句）
________________________________________________ 2. Kate is looking for her watch.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________ 3. Mrs White is watching TV.（对划线部分提问）
________________________________________________ 4. I am doing homework.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________ 5. They are waiting for you at the library.（就划线部分提问）
__________________________________________________
三、根据中文提示完成句子： 1. 小花不是在写作业，她在画画。
Xiao Hua ____________ _________ homework. She _________ _________ pictures. 2. 今天李老师穿着一件红色的连衣裙。
Miss Li _________ _________ a red dress today. 3. 你爷爷在看报纸吗？
_________ your grandpa _________ the newspaper? 4. Tom和Jim在做什么？
_________ _________ Tom and Jim _________? 5. 他们是在打篮球还是在打排球？
_________ they ________ basketball _________ volleyball?
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时综合练习
一、写出下列动词的三单形式和过去式
三单 过去式 三单 过去式 三单 过去式 三单 过去式 buy _______ _______ fly _____ _______ plant ______ _______ study ______ _______ drink _____ ______ play_____ _______ go ______ _______ make ______ _______
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do _______ ______ dance ______ ______ worry ______ _______ ask _______ _______ taste _____ ______ eat ___ ___ ___ __ read ______ _ _ put ________ ________ let ______ ______ run _______ _______ keep _____ _______ have ______ ________ find _____ ______ get ___ ___ ___ _ eat ______ ___ ___ ring _______ ________ write_____ _______ sleep _______ _______ give _____ _______ stop ______ _______
二. 用正确的动词形式填空
1. The children are ___________ (run) there now. 2. -I ________ up at half past six this morning. (get )
-My father always __________(come) back from work very late.
3. My mother ____________ a lot of fruit yesterday afternoon . (buy)
4. Listen! Who__________(sing) in the music room? Oh. Mary _______(sing) there. 5. They ________ _________ a meeting yesterday. ( not have)
6. - ______ you _________ ( have) any color pens? -Sorry, I don’t have any. 7. She likes eggs, but she __________________ (not like) bread. 8. My mother (tell) me a story every night.–
9. – How much meat ________ you ___________ (want) ? - A kilo, please. 10. Someone __________ (be) in the next room.
11. There __________ (be) a pen and two erasers in the pencil- box. 12. You must _________ (get) here at two this afternoon. 13. The twins _________ thirteen two years ago. (be)
14. Where __________ her friend _____________ (swim) now, do you know? 15. We must __________ (help ) the teacher carry it. 16. Who __________ (teach) you English in your school?
17. The teacher is busy. He only __________ (sleep) five hours a day. 18. Look! The bus ____________________ (come).
19. Near our school there _________ (be) a shop, it _________ (sell) a lot of books. 20. She _____ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 21. What _______ he _________ (like)?
22. He __________ (teach) English in a middle school. 23. You always (do) your homework well. 24. – What ________ she ___________ (do)?
-She _________ ______________ (clean) her room now.
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25. Look at the man. He __________________ (drink) tea. 26. He can ___________ (sing) this song.
27. Let’s ___________ ( help ) my mother ___________ (cook). 28. I think Li Lei must ______________ (be) at school. 29. There __________ (be) some bread and meat on the table. 30. Listen! She __________ (sing) an English song. 31. Liu Ying _______________ (study) in Beijing these days. 32. They _____________________ (clean) the floor now. 33. Look! He ___________________ (drink) tea.
34. Han Meimei often ____________ (play) games after school. 35. Lily __________ (be) a Young Pioneer.
36. The day before yesterday they _____ ___ (watch) a volleyball match. 37. What __________ the girls __________ (do) over there now? 38. -She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
-She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
39. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it two years ago. 40. _______ your sister ________ (know) English? 41.Where _______ your pen pal ______ (come ) from? 42.The boy is ___________ (watch) TV at home. 43. Su Hai ______ (have) eight lessons this term.
44.Today the girls __________________ (wear) new clothes. 45.___________ ( be ) you sitting and drinking tea? 46.One of the people __________ (be) singing.
47.What are they doing? They _____________ (clean) the room. 48._______ (be) there any cups of tea? No, there _________ (be) not any. 49.Look! Lucy ____________ (fly) a kite with Lily. 50.I can ___________ (speak) Chinese and English. 51.How _________ you _________ (do) ? 52.She ____________ (look) like her mother. 53.I ___________ (not) think so.
54.My friends _____________ (play) cards now. 55.Listen! Who _____________ (sing) in the classroom?
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56.Jim ___________ (have) a good friend.
57.Where ___________ (do) your friend come from? 59. I _________ (have) an exciting party lastnight. 60.She ___________ (live) in the city.
62.Class One _________ (have) a map of China.
63.Mr Green ___________ (teach) them English every day. 64.The little girl __________ (have) a round face. 54.He can’t ________ (go) there with us. 66.I can’t _____________ (play) the piano. 67.The music __________ (sound) very great. 68.She _______________ (not like) opera.
69.Tom often _____________ (sing ) Japanese songs. 70.Jack and I often __________ ( swim) in the river. 71. What ______ she _______ (do) at weekends? 72. My cousin (walk) to school every day.
73. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 74. They ____________ (not/water) the flowers now.
75. —______ Helen ____________ (wash) clothes? —Yes, she is. 76. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 77. They __ (leave) Hong Kong three days ago.
78. －What day _____ (be) it today? － It’s Saturday. 79.. My father always __________(come) back from work very late. 80. Where __________ you __________ (have) lunch every day?
81. The girl __________(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She __________(wear) a red skirt today. 82.What are you _________(do) now? I ___________(eat) bread. 73. It’s nine o’clock. My father_______________(work) in the office. 84. Look, the boy______________(put) the rubbish into the bin.
85. ____________he____________(clean) the classroom? No, he isn’t. He____________(play). 86. Where is Mak? He___________(run) on the grass. 87. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
88. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
90. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night.
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三. 句型转换
1.They came to China in 1990.(变一般疑问句) __________ they ________ to China in 1990? 2. I was ill for two days last week? (同上) ________ you ill for two days last week? 3. The twins go to school on foot every day. (同上)
_________ the twins _______ to school on foot every day? 4.She washed the clothes last Sunday. ( 变否定句) She _________ ________ the clothes last Sunday. 5. She is going to shopping tomorrow. (变否定句) _____________________________________ 6. My mother likes her students. (变一般疑问句) _______________________________________
7. Do you watch TV on Sunday? (用last Sunday 改写成过去时态的句子) ______________________________________________ 8. Wei Hua bought a new pen yesterday. (变否定句) She ________ ________ a new pen yesterday.
9. We had a meeting the day before yesterday. (变一般疑问句) _______ you _______ a meeting the day before yesterday? 10. They had a good time last Sunday. ________ ________ the twins _______ a good time? 11. There were some cars in front of the house just now.
否定句：There _______ ________ cars in front of the house just now. 一般疑问句：______ there _____ cars in front of the house just now? 12. He went to the zoo with his father yesterday. 否定句：He ________ _______ to the zoo with his father yesterday. 一般疑问句：______ he ______ to the zoo with his father yesterday? 特殊疑问句： he yesterday? 13. Mary usually plays games with her grandparents. 否定句：Mary usually _______ ________ games with her grandparents. 一般疑问句：______ Mary usually ________ games with her grandparents? 特殊疑问句： Mary usually ? 14. They are doing their homework. 否定句：They ______ ________ their homework. 一般疑问句：______ they ________ their homework? 特殊疑问句：______ ______ they _______? 15. Mary does her homework well.
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否定句：Mary her homework well. 一般疑问句： Mary her homework well? 16. I sometimes write to my mother in the evening.（用tonight改写句子） I to my mother tonight. 四、 单句改错
1. Does he enjoys listening to music?
2. Mary’s mother was ill yesterday. She has to stay at home to look after her. 3. My teacher was angry because I am late. 4. The boy has a party at home now.
5. I were went to the library with my friends two hours ago.
6. He spends much time reading book last weekend. 7. Linda can helps his mother clean the room. 8. I buyed a large bag of milk in the supermarket. 9. Someone are looking at you. 10. I am go fishing now.
一般过去时，过去进行时，一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空：
1.He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go) 2.It________you are right. ( seem )
3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play ) 4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen )
5. —I need some paper . —I______ some for you . ( bring ) 6.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come ) 7.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit ) 8.I______with you if I have time . ( go ) 9.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be )
10.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come) 11. “ When______you______the car ?” “ In 1998 . ”( buy ) 12.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)
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13.The bike is nice . How much______it______? (cost) 二、选择最佳答案填空
（ A）1.We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow. A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be （ B ）2.Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back. A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come （ ）3.Listen ! Someone______in the next room .
A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried （ A ）4.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him. A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing （ D ）5.He told me that he______to see us the next day. A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come （ A ）6.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth. A. is B. was C. has been D.will be （ B ）7.Could you tell me where the railway station______? A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
（ C ）8.It seemed that the old man______for something over there. A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked （ B ）9.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam. A. won’t B. don’t C. haven’t D. hadn’t （ ）10. —I’m afraid you can’t sit here . —Sorry , I______know. A. don’t B. won’t C. can’t D. didn’t
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（ C ）11. As she______the newspaper , Granny______asleep.
A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell
三、动词时态能力综合测试
（ ）1.He often______his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash （ ）2.I’m Chinese. Where______from?
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
（ ）3.May______to school.
A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking
（ ）4.We will start as soon as our teacher______ .
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming （ ）5.It______ hard when I left my house .
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain （ ）6.I think this question______to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy （ ）7. Don’t talk so loudly . Your father______.
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept （ ）8.Last week John______his leg.
A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and
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broken
（ ）9.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing.
A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on
（ ）10.He______the picture on the wall.
A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged
（ ）11.You______her again in a few weeks.
A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen
（ ）12.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams.
A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished
（ ）13.When______, I’ll talk to him.
A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come
（ ）14.My sister______to see me . She’ll be here soon.
A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
（ ）15.The old man said that light______faster than sound.
A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel
一.现在完成时的构成:
现在完成时由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.
二.现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种
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I.“已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。
1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。
Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了） I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）
2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。
I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。（ 说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔） She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）
II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。
He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿） They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来） How long have you studied English？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学） III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。
常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 He has always said so.他总是这么说.
三.现在完成时的时间状语
I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可
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以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b. 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。 d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？ II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。 现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换 如： fall asleep (ill) →be asleep (ill)
get to know→ know begin,(start)→ be on open →be open buy→ have get up→ be up die→ be dead go out→ be out come→ be in close→be closed arrive→be here join→be in, be a +名词 finish( end )→be over leave, move →be away, borrow →keep
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go to school→be a student catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) begin to study→study come back→be back put on→wear 或be on
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
四.几点注意事项
I. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：
have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称； have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称， 前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。 如： They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
II.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如： I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 练习
一.用since和for填空
1.______two years 2.____two years ago 3.___last month 4.______ 1999
5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock 7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.
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16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 二.单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D.still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish 11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 12、—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 13、—How long have you ____ here ?
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—About two months .
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began 15、It _____ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was 16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 18.The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 21.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 22.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 23.You mustn't_____ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 24.The meeting _____ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 25.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 26.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 27. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
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三.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.” 四.用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there? 6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange. 8. We already _________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday. 五、划线提问
1) I have been there for two days. __________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. _________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? 3) He left here yesterday. _________ ________ he _________ __________? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. __________ ___________ they __________ a book 六.翻译下列句子：
1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭. 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。
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7.这本字典我已买了三年了。 9.我认识他们五年了。
8.他离开中国三年了。
现在完成进行时
1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。 2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成 3 现在完成进行时的基本句型 肯定式 I/We have been working. 疑问式 Have you been working？ 简略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we haven't. 肯定式 He/She/It has been working. 疑问式 Has he/she/it been working？
简略回答 Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasn't.
4 现在完成时的用法
1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：I've been reading this book for two hours，but I haven't finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。 I've read this book.我已读完这本书了。 2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。
She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。 3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。 We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。 5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较： We've been living here for ten years.
We've lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：
The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。
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The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。
3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：
They've known each other since 1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。 练习:
1.Mr Li swimming for 3 hours, and his son an hour ago. A.has been, started B.have started, has started C.started, started D. Has started, has started 2.---How long you stamps? ---Since two years ago.
A.have, collect B.have, been collecting C.did, collect D.are, collecting 3.She had a headache because she too long. She ought to shop. A.has been reading B.had read C.is reading D.read 4.The boy TV all the morning.
A.has watched B.had watched C.has been watching D.watched 5.--- have you been learning to swim? ---Half a year. A.How long B. How often C.How far D.When 6.Our teacher has been teaching in this school for . A.two year and a half B.two and a half year C.two years and half D.two and a half years 7.He it for two hours, and he's still watching now.
A.has been watched B.watching C.has been watching D.is watching
现在完成时态练习题答案 一．翻译下列句子：
1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? 2. I have just lost my chemistry book. 3. I have never been to the farm before.
4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already. 5. Have you seen the movie yet?
6. My brother hasn’t come /get / been back yet = My brother hasn’t yet.
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returned 7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago. 8. Has been away from China for three years. 9.I have known them for five years.
10. They have been in the USA for five years. 11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.
12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.
13. They have known each other since 1999.
14. I have been in this school for over three years. 二、用since或者for填空
1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 26
5. since 10. since
15.for 16. since
四、划线提问
1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here 3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy 五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where has Li Fei gone? B: He has gone to Hainan Island. A: How long has he been there? B: He has been there for three days.
A: When will he come back, do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I have never been there.
A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place? B: He has been there only once.
六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。 1. has gone to 2. went to
3. has been in 4. have , been in
5. have been in 6. Have , been to ; have been 7. have been in / at 8. has gone to
9. did go ; went 10. go ; have been 11. are , going ; am going 12. goes 13. Did , go 14. Do , go 七、综合练习:
1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already
八. 用适当的时态填空：
1. lived / has been living 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed ; left
5. has lost ; have , seen 6. Have , found 7. have , had 8. have , returned 9. Have , built 10. haven’t finished
11. has read 12. bought 13. lost 14. have been reading / has read
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