一、【基础巩固】
1. If I ___ ten years younger, I ______ very happy.
A. were, would be B. am, shall be C. were, shall be D. am, would be
2. ---You can ask your brother for help.
---He is not at home. If he ______, I ______ .
A. is, would B. were, would C. is, will D. were, will
3. If you _____ the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.
A. follow B. followed C. would follow D. had followed
4. If he had not missed the train, he ______ there by then.
A. might get B. might have got C. got D. had got
5. What would you have done last night, if you ______ to write your homework.
A. hadn't B. haven't had C. didn't have D. hadn't had
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6. ---Did you catch the plane?
---No, if I had hurried, I ______ .
A. would B. would have C. could D. did
7. Why didn't you tell him the truth? If I ______ you, I would have.
A. were B. had been C. am D. would be
8. ---How do you like the party?
---Wonderful. If you had come with us, you ______ a good time.
A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had
9. If I ______ out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.
A. didn't run B. shouldn't run C. haven't run D. hadn't run
10. If you ______ early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.
A. have started B. were start C. were to start D. had started
11. If you ______ to the moon one day, you would find it quite different from the earth.
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A. travel B. had travelled C. should travel D. have trarelled
12. What ______ yesterday if you ______ TV programme.
A. would you do, hadn't watch B. would you have done, hadn't watched
C. could you do, didn't watch D. would you have done, didn't watch
13. ----Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?
----No, but if I ______ time, I ______ very glad to go there.
A. have, will be B. had had, would have been
C. had, would be D. had had, would be
14. ----My boss often made me work day and night.
----If I ______ you, I ______ the job.
A. am, will give up B. had been you, would have given up
C. were, would give up D. had been you, would give up
15. If you tell me all about it, I ______ able to decide.
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A. would be B. could be C. were D. shall be
16. If you ______ George, would you please tell him to ring me?
A. saw B. were to C. have seen D. see
17. I'm sure he hasn't sent the letter. If he ______ it, I ______ .
A. sent, got B. sent, have got
C. sent, would go D. had sent, would have got
18. ----Sally finally got here from Chicago.
----If she ______ earlier, we ______ her to the party then.
A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken
C. comes, will take D. had come, would take
19. I don't know whether to take the medicine at once. If I ______ A. knew, would take B. had known, would have taken it
C. knew, would have taken D. had known, would take
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I ______ it.
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20. ----Did you need any help with your maths last night?
----No, If ______ , I ______ you.
A. had, would have called B. had, would call
C. had needed, would have called D. had needed, would call
二、【能力提高】
1. I would buy that car，if I ______ enough money.
A. have B. had C. will have D. had had
2. Ford might have come to school in time for Professor Smith's lecture, ______ .
A. if he got up earlier B. unless he had got up earlier
C. but he got up rather late D. but he had got up so late
3. ______ their help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and might even have starve to death.
A. With B. If it were not for C. If it had not been for D. If not
4. If it had not rained yesterday, the ground ______ muddy now.
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A. is not B. will not be C. would not be D. would not have been
5. You ______ any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.
A. won't meet with B. would not meet with
C. would not have met with D. have not met with
6. He did his best in everything, ______ he would not have been what he was.
A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that
7. ----What would you wish to do if you were to be a college student again?
----That's very hard to say, but I wish I ______ biology when I was a college student.
A. had studied B. studied C. study D. have studied
8. ----You should have gone to the show with us yeaterday. It's very good.
----I wished I ______ , but I was busy with my report.
A. had B. did C. would have D. were
9. Mr Johnson said angrily, “Don't order me about, as if I ______ your wife. I'm
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not. We are both the boss's men. ”
A. were B. am C. would be D. had been
10. ______ the thick fence, he would have been more fearful.
A. But for B. Without C. If it were not for D. both A and B
11. He talked as if he ______ to Beijing, but I knew he hadn't.
A. went B. were C. had been D. would have been
12. ----Would you have told him the awswer, if possible?
----Yes, I would have, but I ______ very busy.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
13. If he ______ in England, what language could he probably speak now?
A. were born B. had been born C. would have been born D. was born
14. If we ______ Steven's advice, we would not be lost in the forest.
A. took B. had taken C. have taken D. would take
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15. If the govenment had built more houses for the homeless people after the earth quake, the housing problems now in some parts of the city ______ so serious now.
A. wouldn't be B. will not have been
C. wouldn't have been D. would have not been
16. What a heavy rain it is! If we ______ the rain coat, we wouldn't ______ in the rain.
A. had put on, be walking B. put on, walk
C. put on, be walking D. should put on, walk
17. ----Why is the window broken?
----If I ______ care, it ______ .
A. took, wouldn't happen B. had taken, wouldn't have happened
C. took, wouldn't have happened D. had taken, wouldn't happen
18. ----Do you think the thief entered through the side door?
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----No, if he had, he ______ the living room window.
A. would break B. would have broken
C. wouldn't break D. wouldn't have broken
19. I ______ one of Tom's paintings, but if I had, he would have given it to me.
A. wanted B. want C. didn't want D. don't want
20. I've forgotten his telephone number. If I ______ it down, I ______ you now.
A. put, would have told B. put, would tell C. had put, would have told D. had put, would tell
三、【高考真题】
1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ___ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
2. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ____ the rules
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
3. ----“The experiment had failed!”
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----“I suggest you ____ again.”
A. try B trying C. will try D. would try
4. ----“He is a very brave man. ”
----“Yes. I wish I ____ his courage.”
A. have B. had C. will have D. would have
5. If she had worked harder, she ____ .
A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded
6. The plant is dead. I ____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
7. I wish I ____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
8. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
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C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
9. He ____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
10. Without electricity human life ____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
11. If it ____ for the snow, we ____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
12. We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
13. ---- If he ____ , he ____ that food.
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---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
14. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ____ , she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
15. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____ .
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
16. You didn't let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn't get B. drove; wouldn't get
C. were driving; wouldn't get D. had driven; wouldn't have got
17. ____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （07全国II）
A. If B. Since C. Though D. When
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答案与分析
1．选A。从句的意思反映出其愿望是不可能实现的，应该使用虚拟语气。从各选项中分析只有A符合虚拟条件句的语法规则。
2．选B。前文已经给出，这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件从句。
3．选D。从两个方面分析都应选D。从follow the doctor's advice动作本身分析，这是个非延续性动词，所以它只能是要么已经，要么将来，即要么与过去事实相反，要么与将来事实相反。从全句的意思中分析，应是前者。也可以从主句中分析。它是与过去事实相反的would have recovered。从全句的意思上看，从句也应是与过去事实相反。
4．选B。上一题考查从句中时态的选用，而本题则是考查主句时态的选用。从句是与．．．．过去事实相反，根据从句的意思，主句也应是与过去事实相反。
5．选D。主句与从句都理解为与过去事实要反相才正确。have to被否定后的意思是“不是不得不”，“不是非得”。have一词作“有”解时，其否定和疑问的形式有两种，you don't have, you haven't，但作除“有”解以外的含义时，只能有第一种否定或疑问形式，所以选项A是错的。B项不是虚拟语气，C项是与现在或将来事实相反故也须排除。
6．选B。 根据问句，if条件从句及全句的意思，主句只能理解为与过去事实相反， would have是would have caught的省略。
7．选B。从句应理解为与过去事实相反，故选had been。
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8．选D。问句中虽用现在时，但实际上是询问过去的事，故主从句都是与过去事实相反，所以would have had是对的。
9．选D。与过去事实相反的从句是过去完成时，故选hadn't run。run out of意为“用光”。
10．选C。从句中的tomorrow morning已经告知我们，本句可理解为与将来事实相反，A、D两项都不 对。B项缺少to，故选were to start。
11．选C。从句中的one day指“将来有一天”，故用should可表示将来。
12．选B。根据主句中的yesterday可以确定，主句是与过去事实相反，又根据句意，从句也是与过去事实相反，故选B。
13．疑问句是询问将来，故用与将来事实相反的C项。
14．选B。第一句中的made是指过去，回答要同上文的时间相符，所以，主句和从句均是与过去事实相反。
15．选D。条件从句的tell说明这不是一个虚拟条件，因此选用真实意义的D项。
16．选D。would you please并不是虚拟语气，而是一种很委婉的祈使句，故从句也不用虚拟条件，而选用真实条件的see。
17．选D。第一句已清楚地道出过去的一个事实。第二句是与这个过去的事实相反的虚拟语气，故选用D。
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18．选B。根据第一句，第二句中的条件从句应是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件，而主句也用与过去事实相反，这是由于句尾的then的缘故，如果没有then一词，选D项也是正确的。
19．选A。主、从句都是与现在事实相反，故用A。
20．选C。第一句是询问过去的事实，第二句中的主、从句都理解为过去才合逻辑，虽然D选项在语法上是对的，但从时间上看却不合理。
B层次答案与分析
答案与分析
1．选B。根据主从句之间在逻辑上的时间关系，应视为同时发生故选B。但本句在没有语言环境的情况下，也可以看做是一个过去的真实条件句。
2．选C。might have come在含有虚拟条件复合句的主句中表示与过去事实相反，也可用于真实的情况，意即“可能已经”，但仔细分析四个选项，其中无一可以在语法，时态和含义上同前面的句子相一致，故只能将 might have come看做是虚拟语气的用法。如果是这样，A项中的got up指与现在事实相反的虚拟条件，这与主句不合逻辑。B项中的unless不能用于虚拟语气条件。C项是一个指过去发生的真实事件，这正和与过去事实相反的主句相一致，而虚拟条件从句也被省略，它应该是if he had got up early。D项中的过去完成时，在没有任何参照的情况下是不对的。
3．选C。如用with则全句的逻辑关系不成立，而用D项其语法结构有错。in the past
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years已经告诉我们应与过去事实相反的条件从句，所以只有C是对的，B项用来表示与现在事实相反，也应排除。B、C这两种用法只能表示虚拟条件，不能表示真实条件，其意思是“如果没有”。
4．选C。虚拟条件从句虽是指过去，但从其与主句的逻辑关系上分析，主句只能是现在，故选C，从now 一词也可得出这一结论。
5．选B。分析方法同上。
6．选C。otherwise在这是一个虚拟条件从句的替代词，它代替了if he hadn't done his best。
7．选A。从wish后的过去时间状语判断，这应该是一个对过去未能实现事情的一种愿望，故应使用过去完成时。
8．选A。在确定wish后从句的时态时，不要受wish本身时态的影响，它同对从句时态的确定毫无关系。问题的关键是要看wish和从句中的动词的时间先后关系，无论wish本身是何种时态，它与这个动词的时间关系是固定不变的，在变成间接引语时，我们会更能体会到这种关系：
He said，“I wish I had been there. ”
He said that he wished he had been there.
wish的时态变了，可它与后面动词的时间关系并没有变。请参阅本章的语法说明。
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9．选A。根据句意，这是一个与现在事实相反的比喻，准确地说，是一个与主句动词同时发生的一个动作，故用一般过去时的were。
10．选D。But for（如果没有）和without都可用于表示条件，并没有时间限制，它们既有If it were not for的意思，也有if it had not been for的意思。但前者只用来表示虚拟条件，而后者用于虚拟和真实均可。C 项表示与现在事实相反，这与主句不能成立。
11．选C。as if后时态的确定同wish一样，也不要受主句时态的影响，对它的分析请见上面第8题及其分析。
12．选C。but引出的内容是一个事实。
13．选B。从句用与过去事实相反的过去完成时才能合句意。
14．选B。从句只能指过去。
15．选A。主句中的now一词已表明是与现在事实相反。
16．选A。从句应理解为与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时，句首的感叹句告诉我们，这是一个当前的情景，所以wouldn't后用进行时较妥。
17．选B。第一句虽用了一个现在时的疑问句，但“打碎”这个动作确是已经发生了。所以主从句都应视为过去事实相反。
18．选D。用与过去事实相反的否定句才合逻辑。
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19．选C。从虚拟条件从句及其主句可判断出这是一个过去发生的否定的事实。
20．选D。从句是指过去，而主句是指现在。
历届高考题参考答案
参考答案
1～5．DBABD
6～10．DCAA/CD
11～15．CCBDC
16-17．DA
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