Unit 1 The Changing World
词汇精讲精练
【词汇精讲】 1. take place
(1) take place意为“举行,进行”。例如：
The football game will take place tomorrow. 足球比赛明天举行。 (2) take place还有“发生；产生”之意。例如：
Great changes have taken place in China. 中国已经发生了巨大的变化。 【拓展】辨析：take place与happen (1) take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
When will the wedding take place? 婚礼什么时候举行？
(2) happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。例如：
What happened to you? 你发生了什么事？(一般不说：What did you happen?) 【注意】happen 与 take place 通常都没有被动语态。 2. by the way
by the way意为“顺便说一下”。在句中作插入语，用逗号隔开。例如： By the way，have you seen Harry recently？ 顺便说一句，你最近见过哈里吗？ 【拓展】
(1) in the way意为“挡路”。例如：
Sorry, you are in the way. 对不起，你挡路了。 (2) in this way意为“用这种方法”。例如：
In this way，he has collected a great many stamps。 用这种方法他收集了大量的邮票。
(3) on the way 意为“在去某地的路上”。例如：
On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate。 在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。
(4) in a way从某种意义上说。例如： In a way，it is an important book。 在某种意义上，这是一本重要的书。 3. take part in
take part in意为“参加”，常指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用。take part in之后接名词或动名词。例如：
I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill. 我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。 Everyone can take part in gardening. 每个人都可以参加到园艺活动中来。
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【拓展】
join是动词，意为“加入”。指加入某一党派、组织或社会团体，以及参军等，并成为其中一员。其后常出现club, army, team, group以及人称代词宾格等。例如： join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部
join the army 参军 join us 加入到我们的行列 4. enough
（1）enough是形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面。例如：
The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。
I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。
（2）enough还可作副词，意为“足够的”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如： The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag. 那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。 【拓展】
（1）There be enough…“有足够的……”。例如：
There aren’t enough seats for all the people to sit down. 没有足够的座位能让所有的人坐下。
（2）enough…to do sth. “有足够的……做某事”。例如： I don’t have enough time to eat lunch. 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。
（3）enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如：
He isn’t old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小而不能上学。 5. few
few为形容词，意为“不多，很少”，只能与可数名词搭配，表示“几乎没有”，自身有否定含义。也常与不定冠词a组成词组a few，表示“有一点”，有肯定含义。例如： He has few friends. 他几乎没朋友。
May I ask a few questions? 我可以问几个问题吗？ 【拓展】
辨析：few/a few; little/a little
(1) few/a few只能用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定，意为“没有，几乎没有”；a few表示肯定，意为“有几个，有一些”。例如：
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 (2) little/a little只能用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定，意为“没有，几乎没有”；a little 表示肯定，意为“有一点，有一些”。例如：
There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？ 6. succeed
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succeed 表示“成功”，是不及物动词； succeed 后通常接in doing sth，表示做某事做成功了。 例如：
His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。
At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他终于把那个问题解决了。
She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考试及格了。 【拓展】
(1) success 表示抽象意义的“成功”，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。例如：
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
His new book was a great success.他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。 (2) successful作形容词，意为“成功的”。例如： The performance was successful. 演出很成功。
It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。 7. ever
ever是副词，意为“曾经，总是，在任何时候”。其用法如下： (1) 用于肯定句中，表示“曾经，总是”，加强语气。例如： He is ever repeating the same words.他总是重复同样的话。
(2) 用于一般疑问句、否定句或条件从句中，表示“曾经，从来，在任何时候”。例如： Do you ever wish you were rich? 你曾经希望自己很富有吗？
(3) 用在特殊疑问词之后，加强语气，含“究竟、到底”之意。例如： Where ever do you want to go? 你究竟想去哪里？
(4) 用于比较级中，置于than之后，表示“以前，以往”。例如： It’s raining harder than ever. 雨比以前下得更大了。 【拓展】already; ever与yet的辨析：
(1) already是副词，意为“已经”，与现在完成时连用，通常用于肯定句。例如： I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。
(2) ever是副词，意为“曾经”。常与现在完成时连用，还可用于疑问句、否定句、比较级和最高级之后。例如：
Have you ever been to Beijing?你曾经去过北京吗？
My younger brother studied harder than ever. 我弟弟比以前学习更用功了。
(3) yet是副词，意为“已经”，与现在完成时连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，通常置于句末，也可以与not连用。not yet常用来简略回答完成时态的一般疑问句，意为“还没有”。例如： — Has the train started yet? 火车已经开了吗？ — Not yet. 还没有。
8. population
population意为“人口”时，是一个集体名词，被看作一个整体，在句中作主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
China has a quarter of the world’s population. 中国人口占世界人口的四分之一。 【拓展】
(1) 当表示一个城市、地区或国家有多少人口时，常用以下两种结构，即“the population of + 某地 + is + 数词”或“某地 + has a population of + 数词”。例如： The population of London is over ten million. =
London has a population of over ten million. 伦敦的人口超过一千万。
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(2) population可与large，small搭配，但不能与many，few搭配。例如： The city with its large population has become crowded.
这个人口众多的城市变得拥挤不堪了。
(3) 询问人口数量常用what或how large。例如： What’s the population of the city? =
How large is the population of the city?这个城市有多少人口？
(4) population前有修饰词，如分数、百分数时，表示整体人口中的一部分，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： One half of the population of the city are farmers. 这个城市的一半人口是农民。
9. offer
(1) 作动词，意为“给予，提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)”。例如：
He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。
(2) 作动词，意为“愿意，试图(做某事)；提议”；后面一般加动词不定式。例如： They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。
The boy offered to pay for the desk he had broken. 那男孩主动提出赔偿被他弄坏的桌子。
(3) offer作动词，还有“出价，给工资”的意思。例如：
We offered him the calculator for $50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。 【拓展】
(1) offer作名词，意为“提供（物）；给予（物）；提议”。例如：
Thank you for your offer of help. 感谢你想给予帮助的提议。
(2) 作名词，意为“出价；报价”。例如：
I’ve had an offer of $20000 for that house. 有人向我出价20000美元买那房子。 10. because
because意为“因为”，表示直接原因。它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。例如： I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。
Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。 — Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席 — Because she is sick. 因为她病了。 【拓展】because和because of的辨析：
because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，because 是连词，其后接句子；because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等。例如： I didn’t buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。
He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。 11. manage
(1) 作及物动词，意为“管理；经营；负责”。例如：
I don’t think it’s her shop; I think she just manages it.
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我认为这不是她的商店，她只是负责管理而已。 (2)作及物动词，意为“控制；对付；照管”。例如：
The girl is good at managing her money. 这个女孩善于理财。
You couldn’t manage the difficult case; you’d better ask your parents for help. 你对付不了这件难办的事，你最好叫你的父母帮助你。
(3) 作及物动词，意为“达到；做成（某事）”，常与can，could，be able to连用。例如： I haven’t been learning French for long, so I can only manage a few words. 我学法语的时间不长，所以只能凑合着说几句。
Despite his disappointment, he was able to manage a smile. 尽管他很失望，可还是强颜欢笑。
(4) 作不及物动词，意为“设法（终于）完成（某件困难的事）”，其后通常接不定式。例如： Do you suppose you can manage to get me a passport? 你认为你能给我弄到护照吗？
We managed to get what we wanted, anyhow. 无论如何，我们最终得到了我们想要的。 【拓展】辨析：try to do 与manage to do
try to do… 意为“尽力做某事”，但是不一定做成。 manage to do… 则表示“设法做某事而且成功了”。 例如：
He managed to pass the examination. = He succeeded in passing the examination. 他成功地通过了考试。
The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way. 猎人设法逃出森林，但他迷路了。 12. support
(1) support用作动词，意为“支撑、负担重量”。例如： Is the bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 这个大桥是足够结实支撑重的货车吗？
(2) support用作动词，意为“养(家)；维持(生活)；负担(费用)等”。例如： It’s difficult for him to support himself on such a small salary. 对他来说用这么低的薪水养家很困难。
Air, food and water are necessary to support life. 空气、食物和水是维持生命的必需品。
They encouraged me, and they supported me with money. 他们不仅鼓励我，而且给我金钱上的支持。
(3) support用作动词，还表示“支持，赞成”。例如： His family supported him in his decision. 他的家庭支持他的决定。
(4) in support of 支持，证明。例如： He spoke in support of the plan. 他发言支持这项计划。 【拓展】
(1) support用作不可数名词，意为“帮助；支持；支援；援助”。例如：
We hope to continue to have her close support and friendship. 我们希望她能继续大力支持，并能与她维持亲密友谊。
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(2) support用作不可数名词，意为“(通常指政府的)赞助，资助”。例如：
The government agreed to cut agricultural support by only about 15%. 政府同意仅削减约15%的农业拨款。 13.encourage sb. to do sth.
encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如： The teacher often encourages us to study hard.
老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
My mother encouraged me to enter the contest.
妈妈鼓励我参加那场比赛。 【拓展】
(1) encourage sb. in sth. 意为“在……方面鼓励/助长某人”。例如： Don’t encourage him in laziness.
别助长他的懒惰行为。
(2) encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如： The teacher’s words were a great encouragement to him.
老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。 14. according to…
according to 意为“根据”，后接名词或代词。主要用来表示“根据”某学说、某书刊、某文件、某人所说等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等。例如： Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。
According to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表，现在是5点钟。
Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。 【拓展】 according as意为“根据”“随……而定”，后接从句。但是，对于那些由what, which, whether, how, when, where等引导的句子，其前要用according to，不用according as。例如： You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评。
He is an honest businessman, according to what everyone says. 根据大家所说，他是位诚实的商人。
The amount of tax people pay varies according to where they live. 居住地不同，人们所交的税额也各不相同。
【词汇精练】
I. 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
1.China has developed a lot because of our country’s one-child p_____. 2.China has the largest p_____ in the world. It’s 1.3 billion. 3.We’ll take m_____ to help you with your English. 4.This is a good shop. It brings us e_____ service.
5.Project Hope is a s_____ service program to help poor students. 6.As a m_____ of fact, she didn’t know the thing at all. 7.Kate’s mother has gone a_____. She is in New York now.
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8.Keep working hard, and you will s_____ some day. 9.Peter o_____ to teach them water-skiing.
10. Somehow, he has m to buy one ticket for his friend. II. 根据短文内容，用所给单词的适当形式填空。（一词可多用）
live, develop, spend, by In the past, China was very poor. It has 1 more quickly in recent years. With the 2 of China, what changes will take place 3 2050? Now we have some modern factories. They can produce products with high quality(质量). And some people are looking for better ways4free time. They want 5 a happy life. So catching up with the changes of the world is a great challenge for the young people.
1._____ 2._____ 3._____ 4._____ 5._____
III. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。
1.________ (thank) to that job I became an active reader. 2. I have been to Hong Kong ________ (one).
3. There are some less ________ (develop) countries in Africa. 4. China’s economy is ________ (increase) rapidly. 5. Have you spent the whole day ________ (consider) it? 6. I _______ (grow) up in the countryside. 7. How do you (manage)keep the place so tidy? 8. Running can help you keep _______ (health).
9. She’ll make a good actress, if she gets the right _______ (train). 10. He bought me records _______ (encourage) my liking for music.
IV. 根据句意，用所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。 little, succeed in, difficult, already, keep in touch with 1.Kangkang has ________ gone home.
2.The Great Green Wall has ________ controlling sandstorms (沙尘暴). 3.I have some ________ in learning English. 4.It can be a good idea to a parent you see less often because of distance.
5.Some parents in ________ developed areas prefer boys to girls.
take place , homeless, according to, get used to, in need 6.It’s reported that there is a wonderful program to help ________ people return to work. 7.Where did the accident ?
8.They both played the game ________ the rules.
9.Sooner or later I think you will ________ working here. 10.A friend ________ is a friend in deed.
【参考答案】
I.根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
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1.policy 2.population 3.measures 4.excellent 5.social 6.matter 7.abroad 8.succeed 9.offered 10.managed II.根据短文内容，用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.developed 2.development/developing 3.by 4.to spend 5.to live III. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。
1. Thanks 2.once 3.developed 4.increasing 5.considering 6. grew 7.manage to 8. healthy 9. training 10. to encourage IV.根据句意，用所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。
1. already 2.succeeded in 3.difficulties 4.keep in touch with5.less 6. homeless 7.take place8.according to9.get used to 10.in need V. 听力链接。
听力材料及答案：
1. Park 2. bike 3. 8:30 4. gate 5. apples 听独白，记录关键信息。独白读两遍。
( di du — answering machine says)
M: Hello, this is Bill. I’m not at home at the moment. Please leave a message when there’s a need. Thank you.
W: Hello, Bill. This is Mary. I’m calling to remind you we’re going to the Rose Mountain Park to have our school picnic tomorrow. The park is not so far, so we’ll go by bike. That’s to say, we can enjoy the beautiful scenes along the way. Mr. Brown will be waiting for us at 8:30 in front of our school gate. Make sure that you come on time! He doesn’t like being late! By the way, don’t forget to take the game book and some apples with you. We’ll play some interesting apple games there. I hope our team will win! It’s important for us to win this time because we won’t have another chance to beat the others in this term! See you tomorrow morning, then.
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