Reading— The first underground in the world
1. However, most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. (P50) 但是大部分通往伦敦的火车只到伦敦城的远郊，因为在市区内修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。 distant adj. far away: a distant country
She could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding. in the distant past/future far away in the past or future:
At some point in the distant future I would like to have my own house. in the not-too-distant future quite soon:
They plan to have children in the not-too-distant future. distance
n. [C or U] the amount of space between two places:
What's the distance between Madrid and Barcelona/from Madrid to Barcelona? He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day. Does she live within walking distance of her parents? 高考链接 The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（2004全国） A. length B. distance C. way D. space 答案：B historic
adj. important or likely to be important in history: historic buildings
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a historic day/moment
In a historic vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to become priests. historical
adj. connected with the study or representation of things from the past:
Many important historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed. She specializes in historical novels set in eighteenth-century England. historically adv.
The film makes no attempt to be historically accurate.
Historically (= Over a long period in the past), there have always been close links between France and Scotland.
2. Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the road became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. (P50) 不幸的是马路上增加的车辆把道路堵得水泄不通，交通变得如此拥挤以致于每个人都寸步难行。 choke
n. [C] a block of wood that can be put under a wheel or a heavy object to prevent it from moving v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞
The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death. The roads to the coast were choked with traffic. At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic. She choked to death on a fish bone. Children can choke on peanuts. 引申：chock back 忍住，抑制 chock up 因激动等说不出话来 自我检测 During the rush hours the roads are usually _____ up with traffic. A. chocked B. crowded C. blocked D checked 2 / 8
答案： A 3. The first tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground. (P50) 首批地铁隧道于1863年开通，他们紧靠地面。 beneath
prep. in or to a lower position than, under低于，在……之下 Jeremy hid the letter beneath a pile of papers. We huddled together for warmth beneath the blankets.
After weeks at sea, it was wonderful to feel firm ground beneath our feet once more. 比较：1) under
prep. in or to a position below or lower than something else, often so that one thing covers the other: He hid under the bed.
In AD 79 the city of Pompei was buried under a layer of ash seven meters deep. She put the thermometer under my tongue.
She was holding a file under her arm (= between her upper arm and the side of her chest). 2) below
adv., prep. in a lower position (than), under:
From the top of the skyscraper the cars below us looked like insects. Do you usually wear your skirts above or below the knee? The author's name was printed below the title.
They have three children below the age of (= younger than) four.
4. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. (P50) 16年后，于1884年大都会铁路公司于大都会区铁路公司取得联系共同为城市中部提供地铁服务。 link
v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas: The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.
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The use of CFCs has been linked to the depletion of the ozone layer. n. [C] a connection between two people, things or ideas: There's a direct link between diet and heart disease. Their links with Britain are still strong. link up
to form a connection, especially in order to work or operate together:
The organization's aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering from the disease.
We offer advice to Polish companies who want to link up with Western businesses. They linked up two areas by telephone.
用法拓展: be connected with 与……相接，和……有联系
5. These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Underground’s development. (P50) 这些新的隧道开挖方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展脚步。 accelerate
v. [I] when a vehicle or its driver accelerates, the speed of the vehicle increases: I accelerated to overtake the bus. Compare: decelerate
v. [I] to go more slowly; to reduce speed: The car decelerated at the sight of the police car. accelerated adj. 加速的 acceleration n. 加速度 自我检测 A driver ______ his car when he makes it go faster or increased its speed. A. modifies B. duplicates C. accelerates D stimulates 答案：C pace
n. [U] the speed at which someone or sth. moves, or with which sth. happens or changes: a slow/fast pace
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When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her pace.
For many years this company has set the pace (= has been the most successful company) in the communications industry.
These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace. I don't like the pace of modern life. 引申：keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱 at a … pace 以……的速度 自我检测 Many people complain of rapid ______ of modern life. A. rate B. speed C. pace D. growth 答案：C 6. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, though, as each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other. (P50) 然而搭乘这些线路很不方便，因为每条线都分别各归其主而且许多线路之间相距甚远。 inconvenient adj.
an inconvenient time/place
It will be very inconvenient for me to have no car. inconvenience
n. [C or U] a state or an example of problems or trouble, which often causes a delay or loss of comfort:
We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train. We had the inconvenience of being unable to use the kitchen for several weeks. Having to wait for ten minutes was a minor inconvenience.
7．After his acquisition of the lines, each one was given a name and most of the names are still used today. (P51) 收购后他给每条线起了名字，很多名字至今还在使用。 acquire
v. [T] to obtain sth.:
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He acquired the firm in 1978.
I was wearing a newly/recently acquired jacket.
I seem to have acquired (= obtained although I don't know how) two copies of this book.
During this period he acquired a reputation for being a womanizer. acquisition n. [C or U]
The museum has been heavily criticized over its acquisition of the four-million-dollar sculpture.
I like your earrings - are they a recent acquisition (= did you get them recently)? 8. The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth’s crowning. (P51) honor
a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty: a man of honour
We fought for the honour of our country
n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect: She received an honour for her services to the community.
He was buried with full military honours (= with a special celebration to show respect).
in honour of sb./sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.: a banquet in honour of the president 高考链接 My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (2006陕西) A. in favor of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of 答案：A 9. Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system. (P51)
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permit (-tt-) v. [T] to allow sth.:
The regulations do not permit much flexibility.
[+ ing form of verb] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month. [+ object + to infinitive] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne. FORMAL The law permits of no other interpretation. v. [I] FORMAL to make sth. possible:
The Chancellor is looking to lower interest rates, when economic conditions permit. We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather permitting (= if the weather is good enough
10. This includes dates or years in the order of the development. (P51) order
n. [U] the way in which people or things are arranged, either in relation to one another or according to a particular characteristic: in order of 以……的顺序
The children lined up in order of age/height.
I can't find the file I need because they're all out of order (= they are no longer arranged in the correct way).
Put the files in alphabetical/chronological order. 高考链接 You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______. (2006广东) A. date B. shape 答案：B 11. The brochure you have just read refers to the development of the London Underground that started in 1854. (P51) refer to
C. order D. balance 7 / 8
phrasal verb: 1) to talk or write about someone or sth., especially briefly: In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. He always refers to the house as his \"refuge\".
2) If writing or information refers to someone or sth., it relates to that person or thing: The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.
12. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times. (P53) discount
n. [C] a reduction in the usual price:
They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies. They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.
v. [T] to decide that sth. or someone is not worth consideration or attention: You shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back. at a discount 打折 自我检测 They sell the sweater _______ a discount of 30 percent. A. on B. for C. at D. with 答案：C
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