考研英语(二)模拟试卷143(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（二）模拟试卷143 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

Throughout the whole period of one’s lifetime, the achieving of happiness can be seen as our【C1】______and everlasting goal. Happiness is far more than a strong body, a【C2】______villa or an around-the-world tour; it is something we need from our heart. However, we can investigate happiness【C3】______scientific methods. When we are asked the question “Where can we find happiness” , it is a【C4】______difficult to answer accurately. We can find happiness right in our own home, in our workplace, in school, in the【C5】______of our friends, etc. It is up to us to find the ways and means to achieve that happiness each of us seek and【C6】______for. However, it is essential to【C7】______that there is no one absolute way to achieve happiness. People may have different ideas with【C8】______to the ways of achieving happiness. The following five【C9】______are【C10】______by many people as sources of happiness: family and friends, wealth, position, educational achievement and fame. To give it a comprehensive【C11】______, happiness is a【C12】______state of well-being characterized by positive or pleasant emotions【C13】______from contentment to intense joy. A【C14】______of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and【C15】______its sources. Various research groups, including positive psychology, endeavor to【C16】______the scientific method to answer questions about what “happiness” is, and how we might【C17】______it. There are many ways to be happy. Spend time with individuals who are dear to you. There is nothing more【C18】______than to be with the people you love. Do something nice for others. Helping others is a very honorable way to find happiness. If your schedule is too【C19】______for volunteer work, you can just donate a small sum of money or some old clothes or toys to charily. When you eat out, try to be a good【C20】______to the waiters or the valet who safely parked your car. All these simple things will not only make you happy, but other people as well.

1． 【C1】 A．contemporary B．ultimate C．ordinary D．static

正确答案：B

解析：语义关系题。本题这一个空后面有and一词，可判定and前后两个词

有并列的关系。everlasting的意思是“永恒的”，本句的意思是“在人的一生中，幸福的实现可以看作我们的______目标和永恒目标。”能修饰目标一词，且与everlasting意思并列的词只有ultimate(终极的)。[A]的意思是“当代的”，所表达的含义与everlasting相反；[C] “平凡的”和[D] “静止的”，均不符合文意。

2． 【C2】 A．transitional B．remote

C．magnificent D．pathetic

正确答案：C

解析：语义关系题。本句是对“幸福”做出解释，所表达的基本结构是“幸福不仅仅是……而是……”。根据逻辑关系，“不仅仅是”后面跟的应该是表示光鲜亮丽的一些事物，villa的含义是“别墅”，备选词中[A]“过渡的”，[B]“遥远的”，[C]“宏伟华丽的”，[D]“可悲的”，只有[C]符合。

3． 【C3】 A．through B．among C．for D．about

正确答案：A

解析：介词理解题。本题考查介词的理解，不同的介词所使用的语境通常有所不同；[A]通常表示“通过……”或者“使用某种方式”；[B]通常界定范围，表示“在……中”；[C]通常表示“为了……”；[D]通常表示“大约”或者“关于”。本句的含义是“然而，我们可以______科学的方法来研究幸福。”本句和上句的逻辑关系是转折，上句说幸福是我们发自内心需要的东西，故可以判定本句表达的意思应是尽管幸福是与内心相关的，但是可以通过科学的方法来研究，故答案选[A]。

4． 【C4】 A．puzzle B．guide C．suspicion D．dilemma

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析题。看句子结构，difficult to answer accurately修饰本题所在的空格。[B]guide“指导”一词不能与answer搭配。再看句意“当我们被问到‘我们在哪里能找到幸福’这个问题时，我们很难准确地回答这个______。”由此可知，空格应是表达“问题”这一含义的词，故答案选puzzle“谜题”。[C]“怀疑”，[D]“进退两难的境地”，都不符合。

5． 【C5】 A．obligation B．company C．touch D．comfort

正确答案：B

解析：搭配题。In the company of…表示“陪伴……”，这句话表达的意思是“我们可以在自己的家里、工作场所、学校里和朋友的陪伴中找到幸福。”其他选项[A]“义务”，[C]“触摸”，[D]“舒适”，都没有in the______of这种用法。

6． 【C6】 A．desire B．chase C．dream D．long

正确答案：D

解析：搭配题。本题中，each of us seek and______for作定语来修饰先行词that happiness，[A]“渴望”，[B]“追求”，[C]“梦想”，从意思上来说都讲得通，但是[A]和[B]都是及物动词，[C]dream通常和of连用，均排除。[D]long for是一个常见的短语，表示“渴望、想要”，符合句意。

7． 【C7】 A．remind B．reply C．reunite D．recognize

正确答案：D

解析：语义关系题。本句与上句存在转折的关系，上句的意思是“要实现我们每个人所追求和渴望的那种幸福，我们要靠自己去寻找方法和途径。”本句则表达，获得幸福没有一个绝对的方法，空格一词应该填动词，后接宾语从句。[A]接宾语从句的搭配应该是remind sb．that…，故排除；[B]“回复”意思不符合；[C]“团聚”，后面通常不接宾语从句；[D]“认识到”放在句中，意思是“然而，我们必须认识到，获得幸福没有一个绝对的方法”，符合文意。

8． 【C8】 A．reference B．difference C．regard D．account

正确答案：C

解析：搭配题。in／with regard to sb．／sth．是固定搭配，表示关于某人(某事物)，在这(那)点上，本句的含义是“人们对于获得幸福的方式可能有不同的看法。”其他选项[A]“参考”，[B]“不同”，[D]“描述”都没有这种搭配。

9． 【C9】 A．classifications B．conclusions C．passions D．ladders

正确答案：A

解析：语义关系题。five一词说明该空格是对本句最后面family and friends，wealth，position，educational achievement and fame(家庭和朋友、财富、地位、教育成就和名望)的总括，故应选[A]classifications“分类”。其他选项[B]“结论”，[C]“热情”，[D]“阶梯”，均不符合句意，不能起到概述的作用。

10． 【C10】 A．consider B．perceived C．questioned D．calculate

正确答案：B

解析：词义辨析题。本空填动词的被动形式，排除[A]“认为，考虑”，[D]“估算”。结合上下文，本空应该填一个与“认为，视为，当作”这种与看法相关的词，故应该选[B]，perceive一词常见的搭配是perceive…as…(把……当作／认作……)。[C]选项的意思是“质疑”，不符合句意。

11． 【C11】 A．relation B．knowledge C．insight D．definition

正确答案：D

解析：语义关系题。根据上下文，本句后面的“幸福是一种良好的______状态，特点是积极或愉快的情绪……”，这是对happiness的定义，故答案选[D]。其他的选项[A]“关系”，[B]“知识”，[C]“见解，洞察力”，都不符合句意。

12． 【C12】 A．physical B．mental C．intellectual

D．professional

正确答案：B

解析：语义关系题。从上题的分析可知，这句是对happiness下定义，特点是积极或愉快的情绪，由此可知，幸福应该是一种良好的心理或精神状态，故答案选[B]。[A]“身体的”，[C]“智力的”，[D]“专业的”，都不符合。

13． 【C13】 A．ranging B．dispatch C．shifting

D．distinguishing

正确答案：A

解析：语义关系题。positive or pleasant emotions______from contentment to intense joy，根据结构可知“从满足到强烈的喜悦”是对前面“积极或愉快的情绪”的进一步解释，从逻辑可知应该选[A]。[B]“派遣”，[C]“转移”,[D]“区分，辨别”，均不符合文意。

14． 【C14】 A．area B．variety C．whole D．proportion

正确答案：B

解析：搭配题。A variety of是常见搭配，意思是“多种多样的”，本句意思是“各种生物、心理、宗教和哲学方法致力于……”其他选项均不合题意。

15． 【C15】 A．retrieve B．identify C．exploit D．abandon

正确答案：B

解析：词义辨析题。[A]“重新获得”，[B]“识别出”，[C]“利用”，[D]“放弃”，根据上下文，“各种生物、心理、宗教和哲学方法致力于定义幸福和______其来源”，在这里，定义幸福和______其来源是并列结构，从句意上说，应该填与“找到，发现”含义相关的词，[B]符合。

16． 【C16】 A．adjust B．attribute

C．apply D．prohibit

正确答案：C

解析：搭配题。[C]apply…to…，表示“把……应用到……中”，本句的意思是“包括积极心理学在内的各种研究小组，都努力运用科学的方法来回答‘幸福’是什么。”[D]“禁止做……”一般的搭配是prohibit…from doing sth．，[A]“适应”，[B]“归因于”，含义均不符合。

17． 【C17】 A．pursuit B．defeat C．bypass D．attain

正确答案：D

解析：词义辨析题。how we might______it，空格位于might后面，应该填动词原形，[A]“追求”是名词，可排除。it指代happiness，[B]“打败”无法与happiness搭配；[C]“避开”与句意相反。答案选[D]，表示如何实现幸福。

18． 【C18】 A．joyful B．awful C．diligent D．painful

正确答案：A

解析：语义关系题。最后一段采取了总分式的写作结构，主题句是There are many ways to be happy(快乐的方式有很多种)。第一种方式就是，花时间和你心爱的人在一起。由此可知，There is nothing more______than to be with the people you love．空格处应该填一个表示积极情绪的词。[B]“糟糕的”，[C]“勤奋的”，[D]“痛苦的”，都不符合。

19． 【C19】 A．high B．prior C．tight D．stress

正确答案：C

解析：搭配题。本句的意思是“如果你的日程安排太紧，你可以向慈善机构捐赠一小笔钱或一些旧衣服或玩具。”形容日程安排太紧，通常用tight。

20． 【C20】

A．adviser B．tipper C．deceiver D．rater

正确答案：B

解析：语义关系题。从该句可知，要善待他人，对侍者或安全停放你的车的泊车员来说，感谢他们的一个方式就是给小费，故选[B]“给小费的人”。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

During the day, Leipzig’s airport is quiet. It is at night that the airfield comes to life. Next to the runway a yellow warehouse serves as the global sorting hub for DHL, a delivery firm owned by Deutsche Post of Germany. A huge extension, which opened in October, means it can sort 150,000 parcels each hour, says Ken Allen, DHL’s CEO. With falling trade barrier, cross-border e-commerce has become a key term in the modern economy. The rise of cross-border e-commerce has meant booming business for express-delivery firms. On January 31st UPS revealed record revenues for the fourth quarter of 2016; FedEx and DHL are expected to report similarly buoyant results next month. Since 2008 half of the increase in express-delivery volumes has come from shoppers buying items online from another country. Falling trade barriers have greatly helped them. When DHL and FedEx were getting going in the 1970s, there was little demand for international express deliveries. Packages often got stuck in customs for weeks and were heavily taxed. The expansion of free-trade areas, lower tariffs and the Internet brought years of growth. But after Mr. Trump’s threats to raise tariffs on goods from China and Mexico, together with the indication last month from Theresa May, Britain’s prime minister, that the country will leave the EU’s customs union, there are widespread fears that the favourable tailwinds enjoyed by the industry for decades are gone. The express-delivery industry faces a new challenge: the return of trade barriers due to the protectionist bent of Donald Trump and because of Brexit. The return of borders poses a challenge to the soaring parcel-delivery business. “ It’s all a real nightmare,” groans David Jinks of ParcelHero, a British parcel broker which works with DHL, FedEx and UPS. Start with Brexit. Post-Brexit costs will probably come from long wrangles over which of 19,000 customs codes should be applied to a consignment. As an example of what could happen, Halloween costumes from China often get stuck at Britain’s border while customs officials work out whether they are toys or children’s clothes, which attract different duties. Such complexity would force delivery firms to put up their prices to customers, Mr. Jinks says. Sending an item from Britain to Switzerland (outside the EU) costs 150% more than it does to Italy (inside the EU). The most severe impact on business would come from higher tariffs, which would

hurt demand for cross-border imports and deliveries in favour of local goods. This is where Mr. Trump’s threats come into focus.

21． The example of Leipzig’s airport shows that_____.

A．Leipzig’s airport serves as the biggest sorting hub for DHL.

B．Airport delivers more goods than any other forms of cross-border deliveries. C．Cross-border e-commerce has promoted the expansion of delivery services. D．Express-delivery firms face a new challenge because of changing policies in US and UK.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。由Leipzig’s airport可定位到第一段。第一段主要介绍位于莱比锡机场的一个德国邮政旗下快递公司DHL的全球分拣中心经历扩建后，吞吐能力增强，随着贸易壁垒的降低，跨境电子商务发展迅猛。由此可以推知，[C]“跨境电子商务的发展促进了快递业的扩张”正确。[A]“Leipzig机场是DHL最大的分拣中心”错误，文中没有提及该分拣中心是否是最大的；[B]“机场比其他任何形式的跨境快递运送的货物都多”，文中也没有提到；[D]“由于美国和英国的政策变化，跨境电子商务面临挑战”后面的段落虽有提及，但并不是这个例子在这里要证明的。

22． The word “buoyant” is closest in meaning to______. A．optimistic B．fluctuating C．unpredictable D．mundane

正确答案：A

解析：词义理解题。本句出现一个重要的逻辑词similarly(同样地)，因此可以从前一句推知buoyant一词的意思。前一句的意思是“1月31日，UPS公布的2016年第四季度收入创下新高”，可以推知，buoyant是形容令人振奋的业绩。其他选项[B]“波动的”，[C]“不可预测的”，[D]“平淡无奇的”，均不符合文意。

23． What do we know about parcel delivery services in the 1970s? A．There are falling trade barriers.

B．DHL and FedEx are expanding rapidly.

C．The express-delivery faces the return of trade barriers. D．International express delivery is in its preliminary stage.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据关键词1970s定位到第三段：“20世纪70年代DHL和FedEx刚起步时，人们对国际快递的需求还很少。包裹经常被卡在海关长达数周，还要支付高额的关税”。[D]“国际快递业处于初级发展阶段”正确。[A]“关税壁垒降低”和[B]“DHL和FedEx在迅速扩张”均发生在70年代以后；[C]“快

递业面临关税壁垒的回归”是现在的局面。

24． What effect will Brexit probably bring on parcel delivery services? A．The trade between China and the UK will drop tremendously. B．Customers will have to pay more on delivery services.

C．19,000 customs codes will be examined by British parliament.

D．DHL, FedEx and UPS will close some of their branches in Britain.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据关键词Brexit定位到第五段，第五段主要讲了英国脱欧之后复杂的海关征税体系会使得快递业增加收费。故答案选[B]“消费者会花更多的快递费”。[A]“中英贸易会减少”；[C]“英国国会将审查19，000条海关规定”；[D]“DHL，FedEx和UPS会关闭一些英国的子公司”，三个选项均没有提到。

25． The passage is mainly about______. A．Logistics firms are faced with trade barriers.

B．The US and the UK work together to promotecross-border imports. C．Cross-border e-commerce is booming.

D．Express-delivery firms DHL, FedEx and UPS are fined by customs in the UK and US.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。纵观全文，文章的大意是美国总统特朗普可能提出的新政策和英国脱欧可能会造成贸易壁垒的回归，进而影响跨境贸易，对国际快递业造成冲击。故答案选[A]“物流公司面临贸易壁垒”。

Many people take to social media to share news of big events. On December 1st Facebook’s boss, Mark Zuckerberg, followed in the tradition he helped create, when he and his wife, Priscilla Chan, announced the birth of their daughter on the social-networking site, along with news that they will give away the majority of their fortune during their lifetimes. Around 99% of the shares they own in Facebook, which today are worth around $ 45 billion, will go into the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI). Their aim, they wrote, is to improve the world for their daughter and future generations. For now, the move allows Mr. Zuckerberg to relinquish wealth, but not control, as he will retain the votes associated with any shares transferred to CZI. He anticipates remaining the controlling stakeholder of Facebook “ for the foreseeable future” , and plans to sell, or give away, no more than $ 1 billion of Facebook stock each year for the next three years. Mr. Zuckerberg is far from the first tech titan to pledge billions to philanthropic activities, but he is following a slightly different path to Bill Gates, Microsoft’s founder. Whereas the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is a registered charity, the Zuckerbergs’ CZI will be a limited liability company ( LLC ). Although charitable status comes with alluring tax breaks, strings are attached. Unlike charities, LLCs can lobby without restriction; the Zuckerbergs have said that CZI will

get involved in policy debates. The other flexibility LLC status allows is the freedom to invest in for-profit ventures that have a big social impact. In this, the Zuckerbergs are following in the footsteps of Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay, an online marketplace, who grew frustrated by the constraints of charitable status. Mr. Omidyar now oversees the Omidyar Network, which has for-profit and non-profit arms. Will Fitzpatrick, designer of this hybrid structure, claims that the for-profit arm can more easily invest in things that can be scaled up quickly. He gives the example of an investment in a solar lantern that cost less than $ 10 a unit, which meant people did not have to burn dangerous kerosene, and which he says would have been technically difficult to achieve through a private foundation.

26． Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan celebrated the birth of their daughter by______.

A．creating the tradition of announce big news on Facebook B．creating the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative

C．donating $ 1 billion of Facebook stock to CZI D．selling 99% of the shares they own in Facebook

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。定位在前两段，Mark Zuckerberg和妻子Priscilla Chan一同在Facebook上宣布女儿诞生，并捐出约99％的Facebook股份到Chan Zuckerberg Initiative上。故答案选[B]“创建CZI”。[A]“创立在Facebook上宣布大事的传统”，与原文不符，这一传统早已建立，这次只是遵循了这一传统；[C]“向CZI捐了十亿美元”，数额不对；[D]“出售FaceBook 99％的股份”，并未出售，只是转移到CZI。

27． The word “relinquish” is closet in meaning to______. A．abandon B．maintain C．withhold D．distribute

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析题。从第二段后文可知，“他期望能在‘可预见的将来’继续保持对Facebook的控股”，说明他只是放弃财富，而非控制权，可以判定relinquish的意思是“放弃”。[B]“保留，持有”；[C]“保留”；[D]“分发”。

28． Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is______.

A．the first tech titan to pledge billions to philanthropic activities B．allowed to invest in for-profit ventures C．obliged to meet certain requirements

D．working with CZI to make the world a better place

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。第三段提到了比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会，文中说慈善机构“享受诱人的减税政策，却也有限制”，很多有限责任公司可以做的事情，慈善机构都不能做，因此答案选[C]。[A]“第一个在慈善事业投入数十亿美元的科技巨头”，文中并没有提及；[B]“允许投资营利行业”，这是有限责任公司可以做的，而非慈善机构；[D]“与CZI一起合作，让世界变得更美好”，文中没有提到。

29． What do we know about Pierre Omidyar?

A．He does not like registered charity coming with strings. B．He created eBay for non-profit purposes.

C．He suggested to Zuckerbergs to set up a limited liability company. D．He made the Omidyar Network a subsidiary of eBay.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。定位到第四和第五段：“慈善机构的身份做起事来有限制，皮埃尔对此大为不满。奥米迪亚先生现在监管着拥有非营利部门和营利部门的Omidyar网络公司。”由此可以得知，奥米迪亚不满慈善机构会受到限制，于是建立了Omidyar网络公司，马克-扎克伯格也效仿了这一做法。故答案选[A]。[B]“他出于非商业目的创立eBay”，属于过度延伸；[C]“他建议乌克·扎克伯格建立有限责任公司”，文中并没有提到是奥米迪亚建议的；[D]“他使Omidyar成为了eBay的子公司”文中没有提到。

30． This passage is best entitled______.

A．Mark Zuckerberg Finds Another Way to Share

B．Mark Zuckerberg and His Wife Having Their First Baby C．More High-tech Giants Devoted to Philanthropy

D．Mark Zuckerberg Find a New Way of Running Facebook

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。本篇文章主要是讲Facebook创始人和他妻子生下了孩子，为了改善女儿与后代生活的世界,他们决定捐出约99％的Facebook股份，而且采用了建立有限责任公司的方式管理这些善款，没有采取传统的慈善基金会的方式。综上，答案选[A]“马克-扎克伯格找到了另一种分享财富的方式”。[B]“马克·扎克伯格和妻子生育了第一个孩子”概括得太偏了；[C]“更多的科技巨头投身慈善”；[D]“马克·扎克伯格找到了运营Facebook的新方法”。

It’s often said that the mark of a civilised society is how it treats its most vulnerable citizens in times of austerity. And in the past week, Britain has proved itself quite not so. Last Thursday a United Nations inquiry into disability rights in the UK ruled that the government is failing in its duties in everything from education, work and housing to health, transport and social security. Presented with overwhelming evidence of a range of regressive policies and multibillion-pound cuts to disability services, it described the treatment of disabled people in this country as a “ human catastrophe” . Less than 24 hours later, Luke Davey lost his appeal

against his local council cutting his care package almost in half. Luke is quadriplegic, has cerebral palsy and is registered blind. But in this climate of cuts to disability services, after 23 years of 24/7 support, his care hours have been suddenly gutted. Without enough funding for full-time personal assistants, his mother, Jasmine, is forced to fill in the gaps: sitting in the bungalow to ensure he’s not alone, and lifting her 14-stone son into a hoist. Jasmine, it’s worth noting, is 75 and has cancer. Bit by bit, the abuse of disabled people in Britain is being normalised. This isn’t simply the result of newspapers and politicians dehumanising the “scrounging” disabled. It’s that the hardship being witnessed is now so common, so widespread, it’s as if it’s not worth comprehension. Resisting this becomes almost an act of defiance: to say that it’s not normal for a self-proclaimed global leader of disability rights to have to be shamed publicly by the United Nations over its treatment of disabled citizens; that it’s not economically necessary for one of the wealthiest nations on Earth to cut benefits and social care so deeply that disabled people are housebound, hungry, or suicidal. When the “most vulnerable citizens” line is used by well-meaning voices, there’s a secret second sentence that’s rarely uttered: disabled people, truth be told, do not need to be vulnerable. Contrary to the myth sold by years of austerity, to be afraid, desperate or isolated is not a normal state of affairs for people with disabilities. Vulnerability comes when politicians choose to pull the support disabled people need in order to live dignified, fulfilling, independent lives—knowing full well the misery it will cause.

31． The UN described the treatment of disabled people in the UK as a “human catastrophe” because______.

A．the disabled people are being discriminated in every aspect fromeducation, work to housing and so forth

B．Luke Davey lost his appeal against the government for the simple reason that the local court favored the government

C．the government dramatically cut its financial support for the disabled people in the years of austerity

D．the disabled people are unable to live and work independently

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。由关键词human catastrophe定位到第二段最后一句：“压倒性的证据表明，英国采取了一系列倒退政策，并且在残疾人服务上削减数十亿英镑的支出，联合国表示在这个国家的残疾人的待遇是‘人类灾难’。”本题问的是原因，Presented with…这一分词结构充当了原因状语，由此可知，联合国之所以表示在这个国家的残疾人的待遇是“人类灾难”，是因为[C]“在紧缩时期，政府大幅削减了对残疾人的财政支持”。[A]“残疾人受到教育、工作、住房等各个方面的歧视”，文中是说政府在教育、工作、住房等各个方面工作做的不到位，没有提到残疾人在这些方面受到歧视；[B]“当地法院偏袒政府，卢克·戴维输掉了他反对政府的上诉”答非所问；[D]“残疾人不能独立生活和工作”，文中没有提及。

32． The example of Luke Davey is used to show that______. A．the disabled people can rely on their family members for support B．the disabled people deserved better work opportunity and salary C．the disabled people are not treated fairly on British court D．the disabled people live in a catastrophic condition now

正确答案：D 解析：细节题。由关键词Luke Davey定位到第三段，第三段主要讲了卢克·戴维这位残疾人在政府补助削减后的悲惨生活，故答案选[D]“残疾人现在生活在一个灾难性的环境中”。[A]“残疾人可以依靠他们的家庭成员来支持他们”，作者不支持这种做法；[B]“残疾人应该得到更好的工作机会和薪水”，没有提到；[C]“残疾人在英国法院没有受到公平对待”，概括片面。

33． The underlined sentence “Bit by bit, the abuse of disabled people in Britain is being normalised” implies that______.

A．the society don’t accept disabled people into public places B．the society don’t appreciate the effort made by the disabled C．the society is indifferent to the suffering of the disabled D．the society implements strict laws against domestic abuse

正确答案：C

解析：判断推理题。划线句是段落主题句，可结合本段后面的阐述来理解划线句。后文主要讲了两层意思，一是媒体和政客不顾残疾人的境地，二是整个社会大环境对于残疾人的痛苦司空见惯。可以推知，主题句的含义是[C]“社会对残疾人的苦难漠不关心”。[A]“社会不允许残疾人进入公共场所”，[B]“社会不重视残疾人的努力”和[D]“社会实行严格的法律反对家庭暴力”，均不符合文意。

34． What does the author think about the “most vulnerable citizens” line? A．Disabled people are constantly afraid, desperate or isolated.

B．Disabled people are not vulnerable if they are given proper support. C．Disabled people have many things to worry about.

D．Disabled people’s reliance on politicians make them vulnerable.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。作者在说到most vulnerable citizens时，表示还有另一种声音没有发出，也就是作者也赞同的观点：“残疾人并不脆弱，当政治家们明知后果，但还是选择剥夺能使残疾人生活得更有尊严、有满足感、更独立的帮助时，脆弱性就出现了。”选项[B]“如果残疾人得到适当的支持，他们就不会脆弱”符合。[A]“残疾人总是害怕、绝望或孤独”与作者表述相反；[C]“残疾人有太多的事情需要担心”，没有提到；[D]“残疾人对政客的依赖使他们易受伤害”，没有提到。

35． The author is writing this passage in a______tone.

A．sceptical B．thankful C．critical D．cheerful

正确答案：C

解析：作者态度题。纵观全文，作者抨击了英国政府在残疾服务上削减数十亿英镑这种做法，语气辛辣，论证有力。

Heart disease has long been Britain’s biggest single killer. Despite our efforts to ward off its risk factors with more exercise and a healthier diet, the statistics remain sobering—particularly if you are a man. According to the British Heart Foundation, one in seven men will die from heart disease compared with one in 11 women, and of the 2. 3 million people living with heart disease in the UK, 60 percent are men. Professor Jamie Waterall, the national lead for cardiovascular disease prevention at PHE, says there are many reasons why more men than women are suffering heart disease. “Women do have the advantage of some hormonal protection of the heart prior to the menopause, which lessens their risk, but from that age onwards things should even out. But men continue to display an abundance of risky lifestyle behaviours that make them more vulnerable. They eat more, drink more, smoke more, for example. “ Numerous studies have shown that excess belly fat, even if you are skinny everywhere else, can be deadly. “Fat around the middle—especially the deep visceral fat hidden in your abdomen—has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease because these fat cells produce damaging toxic substances,” Allen says. Previously, men were advised to drink no more than three to four units of alcohol a day, which technically meant they could consume 28 units a week. The latest rules have cut that to no more than 14 units. Cutting down is one thing, but you should also spread your alcohol intake and have “several drink-free days per week” , according to the charity Drinkaware. Doing so can help your weight and cholesterol levels, both bad for the heart, to drop. According to the smoking cessation charity Ash, smoking at any age causes about 14 percent of deaths from heart disease. If you are a smoker, stopping is the single most important thing you can do. Switching to e-cigarettes or vaping is a positive move—provided that you eventually stop for good. In February a study from the University of California revealed that people who vape are more likely to have higher adrenaline levels and more stress in the heart, both of which have an adverse effect on cardiovascular health. “In the short term, using e-cigarettes may be useful as a stepping stone to quitting, but the ultimate goal is to stop using them too,” says Allen.

36． More men are suffering heart disease than women because______. A．women have hormones to protect them from heart disease throughout lifetime B．menopause has little impact on women’s cardiovascular system C．women tend to have healthier lifestyles than men

D．women are concerned about their weight

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。定位到第二段。第一段介绍背景，男性比女性心脏病发病率高。第二段分析原因。在更年期之前，女性由于荷尔蒙的原因发病率更低。更年期之后，这种荷尔蒙优势丧失，但是很多男性生活习惯不好，导致男性患心脏病的风险还是高。[C]“女性往往比男性有更健康的生活方式”符合。[A]“妇女终生有保护她们不患心脏病的荷尔蒙”错误，更年期后荷尔蒙的作用就不存在了；[B]“更年期对女性心血管系统影响不大”错误，更年期前后荷尔蒙的变化会对女性心血管系统有一定影响；[D]“女人们关心她们的体重”没提到。

37． What effect does body weight have on one’s heart? A．The fat accumulated around one’s hips can be deadly.

B．The fat cells do more harm to men’s body than to women’s. C．Fat in the abdomen area is particularly harmful to the heart. D．Extra layers of fat can protect the heart from injury.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。定位到第三段。[A]“脂肪积累在臀部是致命的”错误，应该是腹部的脂肪是致命的；[B]“脂肪细胞对男人的伤害比女人大”，文中没有提到脂肪细胞对人体影响的性别差异性；[D]“额外的脂肪层可以保护心脏免受伤害”文中没有提到。

38． To lower the risk of heart disease, alcohol takers should______. A．cut the amount of alcohol intake to more than a half B．drinks red wine instead of strong liquor

C．consume a certain amount alcohol on a daily basis D．drink less alcohol to drive up the cholesterol level

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。定位到第四段，主要讲了两层意思，一是减少饮酒量，过去每周可以喝28个单位，最新的规定将这个数字削减到不超过14个单位。二是分散饮酒，每周几天不摄入酒精。[A]“将饮酒量砍掉一半多”正确。[B]“喝红酒不喝烈酒”没提到；[C]“每天喝一定量的酒”与文意相反；[D]“少喝酒提高胆固醇水平”错误，应该是降低胆固醇水平。

39． Smoking e-cigarettes can______. A．lower the risk of hear attack

B．be used as an effective alternative to tobacco C．be positive for cardiovascular health D．help quit smoking

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。定位到第五段。吸烟会提高心脏病的患病风险，使用电子烟

可能有助于戒烟，但是电子烟也会对心血管健康产生不良的影响，因此最终也得戒掉。故答案选[D]“帮助戒烟”。[A]“降低心脏病风险”错误；[B]“是卷烟的有效替代品”错误；[C]“对心脑血管有好处”，与文章内容相反。

40． This passage is mainly about______. A．the effect of lifestyles on heart health B．gender discrimination in hospitals C．the importance of keeping slim D．the way of quit smoking

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。本文主要讨论了英国男性心脏病发病率高于女性，并且分析了原因以及对策，指出不良的生活习惯如过量饮食、喝酒和吸烟是引发心脏病的重要原因。故答案选[A]。[B]“医院里的性别歧视”，[C]“保持身材苗条的重要性”和[D]“戒烟的方法”，均为无关选项。

Part B (10 points)

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list[A]to[G]for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Never say goodbye[B]Open up channels of communication[C]Weigh your options[D]Surprise them[E]Commitment[F]Make sacrifices[G]Plan get-togethersWe all hope that our friendships will be enduring and vibrant. We also hope that despite our differences in gender, interests and careers, we would stick together through the thick and thin of life. Here are five ways you can save your friendship despite the changes in both your lives:【R1】______You will have to come to the point where you have to decide if this friendship is important enough to make sacrifices, this will be the only way you can commit to the revival and survival of your friendship. You will also have to make sure if your friend is in it for the long haul too, because it takes two to tango. If the feelings are mutual, the effort will be equal. It will be futile if you work on saving this friendship and he or she could not give two pennies worth about it. 【R2】______Once you have decided that the two of you have climbed Mount Everest long enough together and that this friendship is without a doubt worth saving, then I suggest you have a heart-to-heart like there is no tomorrow. It is not impossible—it all depends on what you put in, both of you. It is fundamental that you put in the time and the effort; it is then that you will see this friendship flourish like never before. 【R3】______Why not spend a fun weekend away? Just the two of you, a bottle of wine and the open road (just do not do the drinking and the driving at the same time). Be creative and make sure you make some remarkable new memories, especially the ones that extend the dorm room and hallway ones. You have grown up and moved along with your life, so should your memories. 【R4】______There is nothing like finding a signed, sealed and delivered a package from your best friend at your front door. It brings a solid feeling of gratitude

with the excitement and you know that this friendship is one that will endure all the storms, especially if the college friend lives abroad and had to pay a lot to get that package there at the right place and at the right time, for instance, your birthday. 【R5】______Once you are faithful to each other, you will have no problem in saving the friendship and allowing it to be a success. It will entail you sacrificing some things in your life, but if the friendship is worth it, it will not be a problem. It is also important to remember that no relationship is perfect; you will most likely have some downs following the ups.

41． 【R1】

正确答案：C 解析：本文介绍如何留下真正的朋友，挽救千金难求的友谊。由于种种因素，每个人的友谊都会经历或大或小的波折，因此很有必要决定一份友谊的去与留。在第二段，作者建议decide if this friendship is important enough to make sacrifices，同时心要往一处想，因为it takes two to tango。只有判断准确，友谊的小船方可继续行驶。虽然文中提到了make sacrifices，但更重要的前提是“值不值”。选项[C]“权衡你的选择”是正确答案。

42． 【R2】

正确答案：B

解析：理解本段中的have a heart-to-heart like there is no tomorrow是做题的关键，“敞开心扉，有效沟通”方是重启友谊风帆的第一步。应当选择[B]Open up channel of communication。

43． 【R3】

正确答案：G 解析：为了共同拥有更多“不同寻常的崭新记忆”，何不妨spend a fun weekend away?要知道朋友同样是越走越亲的，所以选项[G]Plan get-togethers是此段的小标题。

44． 【R4】

正确答案：D

解析：如同与家人、恋人相处，时不时的小惊喜是发展友情的催化剂，会让朋友意识到你是在乎他(她)的。这不仅给人带来春风般温暖的“感激之情”(a solid feeling of gratitude)，更能让友情在未来经受得住考验。

45． 【R5】

正确答案：E

解析：朋友间的真诚、忠诚(faith)是友谊能否地久天长的关键。友情会随着人生一起起伏波动，never say goodbye也不现实。然而，只要相互理解体谅，朋友间的守望相助便是自然而然的事情。选项[E]Commitment“信义；承诺；忠诚”能最好概括此段大意。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． The essential functions of the UN are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights, and fundamental freedoms, and to be a centre of coordinating the actions of nations in attaining these common ends. No country takes precedence over another in the UN. Each member’s obligations and rights are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Though the UN has no right to intervene in any state’s internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act according to its principles of peace and security. UN members must offer every assistance in an approved UN action and in no way assist states against which the UN is taking preventive or enforcement action.

正确答案： 联合国的基本职能是维护国际和平与安全，发展国家间友好关系，促进世界各国在解决国际经济、社会、文化和人民问题等方面的合作，促进对人权和基本自由权利的尊重，并成为协调各国行动、实现上述目标的中心组织。 在联合国中，所有国家不分优劣一律平等，每个成员国的权利与义务相同。所有成员国需和平解决国际争端，承诺不对他国使用武力或使用武力威胁他国。尽管联合国无权干涉任何国家内政，但联合国努力确保非成员国遵从其维护世界和平与安全的原则。联合国成员国必须为其批准的联合国行动提供一切援助，并且绝不向联合国正采取预防或制裁行动的国家提供帮助。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

47． Suppose you have recently joined an international friendship club. But you are not satisfied with the service you have received. Write a letter to the director of the club to1) make a complaint, and2) ask for an explanation. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your name. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

正确答案：Dear Sir / Madam, I am writing to complain about the service offered by your International Friendship Club. I joined the club 2 months ago but have not received anything that you promised in your advertisement. You said our

photographs would be returned immediately upon registration, but I am still waiting for them after 2 months. You also said that you would send me the personal information of 10 possible penfriends within 2 weeks. However, 8 weeks has passed and I have just received 2 names and letters until now. I am very disappointed with your service and would like you to provide me with an explanation. I am looking forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully, Li Ming

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

48． Write an essay based on the following chart. You should1) describe the chart and2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

正确答案： The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to around 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040. Quite a few factors can account for this phenomenon, but the following might be the critical ones: for one thing, with the improvement of people’s living standard and changing life styles, fewer people are willing to have more children. Therefore, the birth rate has dramatically dropped, which results in a growingly aging society. For another, due to the fact that more hospitals are equipped with advanced medical instruments and more professional staffs, many incurable diseases now can be easily cured. As a result, the public can enjoy an increased life span, adding to the growing proportion of elderly people. However, this phenomenon will be likely to bring about some undesirable consequences in the future. Hence it is high time that we figured out some ways to face the up-coming challenges.