(总分：142.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)
1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
Health care is an extraordinarily obsolete system. A professor of emergency medicine at major university sent me a really heartbreaking (1)_____ lie said that physicians have to start from the (2)_____ beginning with every patient. There is no history, no time to (3)_____—they know nothing about the (4)_____. We have inferior medical service (5)_____ the computer technology that could change it is not being used. The difficulties of just (6)_____ patient records—apart from analyzing them (7)_____—are unnecessary and hinder us from providing (8)_____ service. We have the opportunity to do some wholesale rethinking of (9)_____ we provide health care and turn it into not only medical service, but preventive maintenance that (10)_____ the patient in decision-making. We can begin through pilot and demonstration projects in hospitals, by doctors, and (11)_____ by private doctor participation. Physicians can show patients the (12)_____ of their actions and what the alternatives are. Technologies (13)_____ multimedia and interactive computers can (14)_____ patients, in the privacy of their own homes, to ask questions about these (15)_____. Other countries are moving much more (16)_____ than the United States in medical information. The computerization and redesign of Sweden\"s health delivery system has reduced that nation\"s (17)_____ on the health care from 12 % of GNP to a little over 7%. More than one-third of the population of the Nether-lands has their medical records computerized. (18)_____ some hospitals in the United States keep computerized patient (19)_____, these records only cover the time the patient is in the hospital and do not include their (20)_____ medical history.（分数：40.00） A.magazine B.letter √ C.gift D.book
解析：解析：语义衔接题。文章开篇首句提到：Health care is an extraordinarily obsolete system．(医疗保健是极其陈旧的体系)。接下来本句指出：一个重点大学的急诊教授送给我——。单从本句无法判断正确选项，但是下一句中出现了He said。如果寄的是封信，在信中教授可以告诉我某些事情，因此本题正确选项是letter。magazine，gift和book与后句中的He said没有语义上的联系，不属于同一语义场。 A.very √ B.early C.real D.first
解析：解析：语义衔接题。本句意为：他说医生甚至必须从开始就了解每个病人。very意为\"真的，甚至\"，这里的very用于加强语气，和the，this，that或my，your，his等词连用。The very beginning和下句中的no history属于同一语义场，符合上下文逻辑关系。early意为\"早的，早一些的\"，real意为\"真的，真实的\"，first意为\"首先的\"，这三个词都不能修饰beginning，故排除。 A.treat B.care C.prepare √ D.diagnose
解析：解析：词汇辨析题。从上句中的\"医生必须从开始就了解病人\"可以得出本句中的no history是指没有有关病人的历史资料。显然，这里是说医生没有有关病人的病例，也没有时间去准备。这与上文中的医生必须从开始就了解病人有语义逻辑上的联系，故选择prepare。treat意为\"治疗\"，cure意为\"治疗，治愈\"，diagnose意为\"诊断\"，首段中是说医生在医治每个病人时必须从头了解病人的情况，显然医生没有时间治疗病人或对病人进行诊断，故排除此三项。 A.doctor B.patient √ C.physician D.nurse
解析：解析：语义衔接题。前一句指出：医生甚至要从开始就了解病人。接着本句提到没有病史，没有时间准备，因此得出的结论应该是：他们对病人一无所知。句中they是指上句中提到的physicians，所填词前又出现了定冠词the，显然指代前面提到的名词，这里填入patient符合上下文语义逻辑关系。doctor和nurse在本题前句中没有提及，根据定冠词the可判断，不符合语法要求；physician虽是前文中提到的名词，但是句中的意思是医生对病人的情况不了解，故应排除。 A.but B.although C.therefore D.because √
解析：解析：结构衔接题。句子前部分表示：We have inferior medical service(我们的医疗服务较差)，后面提到：the computer technology that could change it is not being used(没有使用能够改变医疗服务的计算机技术)。显然两部分之间是因果关系，前果后因指出医疗服务较差的原因，故选because。but表示转折关系，although是表示让步关系的连词，与句中的逻辑关系不符；therefore也表示因果关系，但与because不同的是，therefore表示的是前因后果。 A.handling B.accessing √ C.collecting D.gathering
解析：解析：词汇辨析题。本句中的apart from analyzing them意为：除了分析病人记录外；再从just可以看出，这里在提到医生分析病人记录的困难之前，应该还会碰到其他困难。access意为\"接近，接触\"，根据常识可知医生应该先获得病人病例，然后才能对其进行分析，故access放在句中符合语义逻辑关系。handle意为\"处理\"，处理病人病例包括了对病人病例进行分析，因此handle放在句中与analyze语义重叠；collect为\"收集\"，gather意为\"聚集\"，根据常识可知，通常病人病例应该由医院保存，医生在需要的时候，只要查询档案就可以了，主动收集病人病例显然不是医生的职责。 A.quickly B.rapidly C.properly √ D.really
解析：解析：词汇辨析题。根据常识可知，医生应该对病人病例进行正确分析，这样才能够对病人的患病情况有全面的了解，并有的放矢，进行针对性治疗。properly意为\"适当地，正确地\"，放在句中符合常识及上下文语义逻辑关系。quickly和rapidly都有\"迅速地，快地\"之意，quickly主要指事情发生得快，占用的时间少，不涉及速度，rapidly只表示运动着的物体或事物的本身状况，并不涉及单位时间内所越过的距离。这里没有表明医生需要快速处理病人病例的语境，因此排除这两个词；really意为\"真正，实在\"，在句中无法修饰analyze，故排除。 A.common B.inferior C.ordinary D.quality √
解析：解析：语义衔接题。本句句意为：不要说分析病人的病例了，仅仅接触病人病例都是困难的，这些困难原本是不该有的，它们妨碍了我们提供优质服务。该段首句就提到了我们的医疗服务较差。而没有病
人病例，对病人一无所知显然是作者认为造成较差医疗服务的原因，即它们影响了我们提供高质量的服务。quality意为\"质量\"，与inferior相对应，符合上下文语义逻辑关系。common意为\"普通的\"，也有\"劣质的\"之意，inferior意为\"较差的\"，虽然文章中提到了医疗服务较差，但这里因为提到了hinder us from providing(妨碍了我们提供)，所以不能填入具有\"较差的\"之意的词汇；ordinary意为\"普通的\"，文章从开始就批评医疗服务较差，这里没有涉及医疗服务普通的问题，故排除此项。 A.how √ B.when C.why D.where
解析：解析：结构衔接题。本句并列连词and之前的部分意为：我们有机会对我们如何提供健康保健重新进行全盘思考。这里how we provide heath care是句中介词of宾语从句，整个部分作rethinking的定语。when表示时间关系，why表示因果关系，而where则表示地点，这几个词虽然在语法上都可以填入句子空白处，但结合文章，作者开篇就指出医疗服务存在问题，这主要是由于缺乏病人病例资料造成的。本题下一句又提到：We can begin through pilot and demonstration projects in hospitals(我们可以从医院开展试点项目和示范项目开始)。显然，这里是在说提高医疗服务的方式问题，故排除when，why和where。 A.embraces B.comprises C.involves √ D.includes
解析：解析：词汇辨析题。本句指出：我们有机会对我们如何提供健康保健重新进行全盘思考。不仅将健康保健变成医疗服务，还要使其成为在进行决策时让病人参加的预防性检查。involve sb．in doing sth．表示使某人参与某活动或陷入某情况，既然是对健康保健重新进行全盘思考(wholesale rethinking)，肯定是要致力提高服务质量，如果在进行决策的时候让病人参与其中，就能为病人提供更好的服务，让他们感到满意，因此involve是本题正确选项。embrace，comprise及include都有\"包括\"的意思。embrace通常指纳入一些附属性的成分，comprise是指提到的所有部分，include更多是指不完全的纳入，但这几个词都不能后跟in doing sth.用法。 A.especially √ B.exclusively C.exactly D.extremely
解析：解析：词汇辨析题。该句指出：我们可以通过医生，特别是私人医生的参与，从医院开展试点项目和示范项目开始。从句中的doctors和private doctor可以看出，后者是对前者的进一步补充说明，将范围缩小，这与especially表达的语气一致。exclusively意为\"排他地，独有地\"，exactly意为\"正是，精确地\"，extremely意为\"极端地，非常地\"，这三项放在句中语义不通。 A.preferences B.substances C.consequences √ D.refernces
解析：解析：词汇辨析题。本句意思是：医生可以让病人看到他们行动的结果及其他可供选择的办法。从前文中提到的医院致力提高医疗服务，让病人参与进行决策，这些行动都会带来好的结果。因此，这里让病人看到这些行动的结果(consequence)符合本句语义逻辑关系。preference意为\"偏爱，优先选择\"，substance意为\"物质，内容\"，reference意为\"参考，证明\"，这三个词放在句中不符合句子语义逻辑关系。 A.for instance B.for example C.such as √ D.as to
解析：解析：结构衔接题。句中提到了technologies和multimedia、interactive computers，两部分之间是包含和被包含的关系，显然后面是对前面的示例。such as意为\"例如，诸如\"，用在句中符合本句结
构逻辑关系。for instance，for example都有\"例如\"之意，两个短语虽然也可以表示列举，但是语法上要求其前面概念和后面列举部分用逗号或分号等隔开，此处句中没有标点符号，因此这两个短语不符合本句结构要求；as to意为\"关于，至于\"，这个短语放在句中语义不通。 A.allow √ B.confess C.induce D.consent
解析：解析：词汇辨析题。本句意为：诸如多媒体及交互式计算机这类技术让病人在家里就能够询问有关其他选择方案的问题。allow意为\"允许\"，通常使用allow sb．to do sth。这一结构，这里符合句子的语法及语义要求。confess意为\"承认，坦白\"，其后不能跟不定式结构，因此从语法上可以排除这个词；induce意为\"引诱，诱导\"，放入句中，则句意变成这些新科技引诱病人问问题，显然这不符合常识；consent意为\"同意\"，但是consent的主语是人，不是物，因此不符合句子的语法要求。 A.substitutes B.detectives C.motives
D.alternatives √
解析：解析：语义衔接题。由本句中的指示代词these可以判断出，后面的名词是前文刚提过的某个名词。而前面刚刚提到的有alternatives和technologies。四个选项中只出现了alternatives，因此可以判断出这个词是本题正确选项。alternative意为\"选择，选择余地\"，符合语篇一致性原则。substitute意为\"替代\"，detective意为\"侦探\"，motive意为\"动机，目的\"，这几个词在文中都没有出现，不符合本句上下文处指代关系。 A.decisively B.aggressively √ C.comprehensively D.excessively
解析：解析：语义衔接题。本文一直在谈论美国的医疗保健体系很差，另外从本题下一句中的The computerization and redesign of Sweden\"s health delivery system(瑞典医疗体系的计算机化及其新设计)可以看出本句大意：与美国相比，其他国家在医疗信息方面的进步要大得多。aggressively意为\"积极进取地，活泼地\"，在这里表示褒义，说明其他国家在医疗保健方面有长足的进步，而美国却远远落后了。decisively意为\"决然地，果断地\"，本文中只是说美国有些事情没有做，本题上下文处没有表明美国态度不够坚决；comprehensively意为\"全面地，包括地\"，文章涉及美国医疗保健制度的不足主要是针对缺少病人病例的问题，从下文中的瑞典实行计算机化可以看出这里是谈论医疗体系某方面的进展，并非针对医疗体系全面问题；excessively意为\"过分地，过度地\"，显然这里是在赞扬瑞典的改革，因此不可能认为其改革过度。 A.growth B.purchase C.spending √ D.development
解析：解析：语义衔接题。根据句子中提到的数字可以判断出本句大意：瑞典医疗体系的计算机化及其新设计将该国的医疗保健费用从国民生产总值的12%降到7%多一点。spending意为\"开支，费用\"，符合句子的语义要求。growth意为\"生长，发育\"，从数字来看，12%到7%不是增长，而是下降；purchase意为\"购买，购置\"，根据常识可知，医疗保健体系是一种福利，是需要政府支出，而不是购买东西；development意为\"发展，扩张\"，不符合句子语义逻辑关系。 A.However B.While √ C.Moreover D.Furthermore
解析：解析：逻辑衔接题。本句前半部分意思为：美国医院对病人的某些东西进行计算机化；从后面的 only和not可以推断，这是对前面所述内容进行的反驳，因此可以判断此处为转折关系，故选择while。however
虽然也表示转折关系，但这个词与前后内容必须用逗号隔开；moreover和furthermore都表示递进关系，本句两部分之间不是递进关系。 A.files B.documents C.records √ D.information
解析：解析：语义衔接题。本句前部分提到了美国医院将病人的某种东西进行计算机化，接下来就提到 these records only cover the time the patient is in the hospital(这些记录只是涵盖了病人住院的时间)，因此可以推出前面所提及的东西就是指病人记录(records)。file意为\"档案，卷宗\"，document意为\"文件，文档\"，information意为\"信息，情报\"。很明显，这三个短语不符合句子语义关系。 A.partial B.absolute C.major D.entire √
解析：解析：词汇辨析题。本句最后一部分的意思是：这些记录只涵盖了病人在医院的部分，没有包括他们全部的医疗历史。entire意为\"完整的，全部的\"，放在句中符合句子语义逻辑关系。partial意为\"部分的\"，放在句中，与句子前面表达意思矛盾；absolute意为\"完全的\"，不能修饰 medical history；major意为\"主要的\"，文中没有提及病人的主要医疗历史。
二、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：10，分数：58.00)
2.Section II Reading Comprehension
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One\"s physical assets and liabilities don\"t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their patents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. The scientists\" typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group—college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individual\"s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappo, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: in terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.（分数：10.00）
(1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager（分数：2.00）
A.a person\"s property or debts do not matter much.
B.a person\"s outward appearance is not a critical qualification. √ C.women should always dress fashionably.
D.women should not only be attractive but also high-minded.
解析：解析：事实细节题。文章首段指出\"人们的一些错误看法：美丽只是表面现象。一个人身体方面的优缺点在其管理生涯中不那么重要。女人应该总是尽力让自己看起来状态最佳\"。这里提到的都是人们的错误观念，\"一个人的外表并不重要\"正是该段提到的错误观念，故是本题的正确选项。
(2).The result of research carried out by social scientists shows that（分数：2.00） A.people do not realize the importance of looking one\"s best. B.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well. C.good-looking women aspire to managerial positions.
D.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not. √
解析：解析：推理判断题。文章第二段第二至四句指出\"事实上得出的结论一致：外表的确要比多数人认为的重要得多。例如：数据表明，外表漂亮的人更有可能受到父母的优待，被人当作朋友，受到异性追求。除了女性在寻求管理工作时，漂亮可能不太被考虑之外，漂亮的人更可能得到工作、高薪和获得晋升的机会\"。由此可得出，外表漂亮的人通常比那些不好看的人更有优势。
(3).Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes（分数：2.00）
A.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep. B.they do not usually act according to the views they support. C.they give ordinary-looking persons the low ratings. √
D.they tend to base their judgment on the individual\"s accomplishments.
解析：解析：推理判断题。第四段首句指出\"几乎无一例外，照片上的人长得越好看，对他的评价就越高\"。根据该句可以推断出，人们在对不同的人进行评价时，会给长相平平的人打分低。
(4).The sentence \"good looks cut both ways for women\" (Line 1, Paragraph 5) means that（分数：2.00）
A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs. B.good-looking women always get the best of everything. C.being attractive is not always an advantage for women. √
D.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions. 解析：解析：语义理解题。本文末段提到了good looks cut both ways for women，文章最后两句对其进行了具体的阐释。该部分指出\"但是对女士的潜在影响却很大，例如，较漂亮的女性更容易获得需要出现在公众视线里的工作。但是另一方面，有足够的资料供我们得出结论：那些想当经理的漂亮女士没有不漂亮的女士那样进展顺利\"。作者在这里提到，一方面外表漂亮的女士比不漂亮的女土有更多的优势。但是另一方面，想当经理的漂亮女土没有不漂亮的女士那样顺利。此句的意思是：对女性来说，外表漂亮既是优势，也是劣势。
(5).It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world（分数：2.00） A.handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are. √ B.physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well.
C.physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well. D.good looks are important for women as they are for men.
解析：解析：推理判断题。本文末段前三句指出\"但是，在商界，漂亮的容貌对女士而言具有两面性，对女士的影响也比男士大。一位犹他州立大学的教授，也是这个领域的权威，解释说：在职业生涯方面，外表的吸引力对于男士只是有一定的影响，但是对女士的潜在影响却很大，例如，较漂亮的女性更容易获得需要出现在公众视线里的工作\"。显然，漂亮的外表对男士的影响比对女士的影响小。
Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them to make me Jose my delight in dreams. To begin with, I like the idea of dreaming, of going to bed and lying still and then,
by some queer magic, wandering into another kind of existence. I could never understand why grown-ups took dreaming so calmly when they could make such a fuss about any holiday. This still puzzles me. I am mystified by people who say they never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much more astonishing than if they said they never went out for a walk. Most people—or at least most Western Europeans—do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing or yawning. I have never understood this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life only because there is far less of it, but to me it is important. As if there were at least two extra continents added to the world, and lightning excursions running to them at any moment between midnight and breakfast. Then again, the dream life, though queer and confusing and unsatisfactory in many respects, has its own advantages. The dead are there, smiling and talking. The past is there, some-times all broken and confused but occasionally as fresh as a daisy. And perhaps, the future is there too, waving at us. This dream life is often overshadowed by huge mysterious anxieties, with luggage that cannot be packed and trains that refuse to be caught; and both persons and scenes there are not as dependable and solid as they are in waking life, so that Brown and Smith merge into one person while Robinson splits into two, and there are thick woods outside the bathroom door and the dining-room is somehow part of a theater balcony; and there are moments of sorrow or terror in the dream world that are worse than anything else we have known under the sun. Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfactions, and, at certain rare intervals, a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement, like glimpses of another form of existence altogether, that we cannot match with open eyes.（分数：10.00） (1).As for dreams, we can conclude that（分数：2.00）
A.when the author has wonderful dreams, he will be happy for the whole day. B.if the author had too much terrible dreams, he would feel annoyed. √ C.the author wishes that he could make no fuss about any holiday. D.the author wishes that he could have more strange dreams.
解析：解析：推理判断题。本文首段第一句指出\"我时常做可怕的梦，但是那些梦还不足以让我失去享受做梦的快乐\"。由此可以推断，如果作者做了太多可怕的梦，他可能会感到厌烦。
(2).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author is（分数：2.00） A.a child. √ B.an adult. C.a psychologist. D.a doctor.
解析：解析：推断理解题。本文首段第三句指出\"我总也弄不明白为什么成年人在做梦时明明可以对任何假期大惊小怪，可他们却表现得很平静\"。由这句很容易推断出，作者是个孩子。 (3).What has the author never understood?（分数：2.00） A.Most people like sneezing or yawing.
B.Most people consider dreaming to be all unimportant habit.
C.Most people treat sneezing or yawning as an unimportant little habit. D.Most people regard dreaming as an unpleasant little habit. √
解析：解析：事实细节题。本文首段指出\"我总也弄不明白为什么成年人在做梦时明明可以对任何假期大惊小怪，可他们却表现得很平静。这个问题至今困扰着我。我难以理解那些声称他们从来没做过梦，看起来对做梦也不感兴趣的人。这比他们声称自己从来没有出去散过步更让我惊异。多数人，至少多数西方人看起来没有接受梦是生活的一部分这个事实。他们似乎将梦看作是与打喷嚏、打哈欠一样令人讨厌的微不足道的习惯\"。紧接着，作者在下一段提到\"I have never understood this\"．因此可推知，许多人将梦看作令人讨厌的习惯是作者无法理解的地方。
(4).The passage tells us that in the dream world there is/are（分数：2.00） A.nothing terrible or delightful. B.only moments of sorrow or terror.
C.mysterious anxieties as well as enjoyments. √ D.only moments of peaceful glow or sudden excitement.
解析：解析：事实细节题。本文第二段最后两句指出\"梦中的生活有时会由于巨大的、神秘的焦虑而蒙上阴影，行礼无法包装，赶不上火车；里面的人和场景不像真实生活中的那么可靠，这样布朗和史密斯就融为一体，而罗宾逊分成了两个。在浴室门外有茂密的树林，而餐厅是剧院包厢的一部分。在梦幻世界，有时会体会到清醒时无法体会到的巨大的悲伤和恐惧。但是这种生活有它的乐趣、快乐和满足。偶尔会有宁静的悸动，突然的兴奋，这就像另一种生活的掠影，在我们清醒时无法与之相比\"。由此可知，梦里有神秘的焦虑和快乐，故答案选项正确。
(5).Brown, Smith and Robinson are（分数：2.00） A.dead friends of the writer. B.people you or I might know. √ C.living friends of the writer. D.some well-known people.
解析：解析：推理判断题。文中第二段倒数第二句中指出\"里面的人和场景不像真实生活中的那么可靠，这样布朗和史密斯就融为一体，而罗宾逊分成了两个\"。根据上下文，结合常识\"Brown，Smith and Robinson\"是通用名字，可知Brown，Smith and Robinson是不定指代，可指代任何人，而不是某个特定的人。 There is a confused notion in the minds of many people that the gathering of the property of the poor into the hands of the rich does no ultimate harm, since in whosever hands it may be, it must be spent at last, and thus, they think, return to the poor again. This fallacy has been again and again exposed; but granting the plea true, the same apology may, of course, be made for blackmail, or any other form of robbery. It might be (though practically it never is) as advantageous for the notion that the robber should have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbed should have spent it. But this is no excuse for the theft. If I were to put a tollgate on the road where it passes my own gate, and endeavor to extract a shilling from every passenger, the public would soon do away with my gate, without listening to any pleas on my part that it was as advantageous to them, in the end, that I should spend their shillings, as that they themselves should. But if, instead of outfacing them with a tollgate, I can only persuade them to come in and buy stones, or old iron, or any other useless thing, out of my ground, I may rob them to the same extent and, moreover, be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity. And this main question for the poor of England—for the poor of all countries—is wholly omitted in every writing on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of capital is regarded only in its effect on their immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything, but it matters fearfully what the thing is which he is compelled to make. If his labor is so ordered as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low, the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them. But if he is paid to destroy food and fresh air, or to produce iron bars instead of them, the food and air will finally not be there, and he will not get them, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in political as in household economy, the great question is not so much what money you have in your pocket, as what you will buy with it and do with it.（分数：10.00）
(1).The author gives the example of a tollgate in the first paragraph to indicate that（分数：2.00）
A.it is an act of robbery. √ B.it is an impractical plan. C.it will break the law. D.it can make people rich.
解析：解析：推理判断题。文章首段第三至五句指出\"意思也就是抢劫者将自己勒索来的钱花掉，这和被抢的人花掉是一样有利的(虽然实际上并非如此)。但是，这不是偷窃的理由。如果我在经过自己家门前的公
路上设立一个收费站，企图从每位过路人那都收取一先令，公众很快就会把我的收费站砸烂，他们不会听我为自己做的申辩，即我花掉他们的钱与他们自己花掉这些钱最终是一样有利的\"。显然，后面的设立收费站的例子是为了说明前面的观点，这里作者认为设立收费站收费相当于theft(偷窃)，而上下文中又多次提到了robbery，robber，robbed，由此可以推断出答案选项正确。
(2).The word \"fallacy\"(Paragraph 1) most probably means（分数：2.00） A.incorrect explanations. B.arbitrary decisions. C.reasonable excuses.
D.logical errors in argument. √
解析：解析：语义理解题。文章首段第二句指出\"这个fallacy一次又一次地被揭露出来，但是假设这个借口是正确的，当然也可以以此同样为勒索或任何形式的抢劫进行辩解\"。从句中\"假设这个借口是正确的\"及后面的例子，可以看出首句中陈述的逻辑是不正确的。因此，可以推出\"辩论中的逻辑错误\"为本题正确答案。
(3).What is the \"main question for the poor\" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) according to the passage?（分数：2.00）
A.The poor are not the master of themselves.
B.The poor fail to see the real power of the operation of capital. √ C.The poor do not understand that they are buying things they do not need. D.The laborers are always deceived by the rich who pretend to be benefactors.
解析：解析：语义理解题。第二段首句中出现了指示代词this，根据语法规则可知，当指代未提及的事时通常用this。由此可以判断作者提到的this main question for the poor是指下文中提到的有关穷人的事情。该段第二句指出\"甚至对于劳动者自己，他们考虑的也只是资本运营对他们眼前利益的影响，从不考虑资本运营在指定劳动种类和劳动对象方面的力量\"。既然是问题，就应该是穷人没有考虑到的事情，即句中提到的\"从不考虑资本运营在指定劳动种类和劳动对象方面的力量\"，故可以推出\"穷人没有看到资本运营的真正力量\"为正确答案。
(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes（分数：2.00） A.there are few honest businessmen.
B.the rich are the same as thieves in their accumulation of wealth. √ C.robbers are also benefactors to society seen from a different angle. D.equal distribution of property leads to increase of consumer demand.
解析：解析：推理判断题。文章首段前四句指出\"在许多人的想法中有一个错误的概念，穷人的财富被富人聚敛过去不会造成最终伤害，这是因为不管财富在谁手中，最终都是要花掉的，他们认为这样财富就又回到了穷人手中。这个谬论一次又一次地被揭露出来，但是假设这个借口是正确的，当然也可以以此同样为勒索或任何形式的抢劫进行辩解，即抢劫者将自己勒索来的钱花掉和被抢的人花掉是一样有利的 (虽然实际上并非如此)。但是，这不是偷窃的理由\"。由此可以推断，作者认为富人积聚财富的过程与小偷偷窃的道理一样。
(5).It can be inferred that the author\"s attitude toward the early stage of British industrialization should be one of（分数：2.00） A.ambiguity. B.indifference. C.disgust. √ D.admiration.
解析：解析：推理判断题。本文开篇就提出一个谬论：穷人的财富被富人聚敛过去不会最终造成伤害，这是因为不管财富在谁手中，最终都是要花掉的，这样财富就又回到了穷人手中。接着指出富人的这种敛财过程与抢劫、偷窃没什么区别。然后作者提出穷人的一个重要问题：从不考虑资本运营在指定劳动种类和劳动对象方面的力量。全篇充满了confused notion，fallacy，plea，apology，blackmail，robbery，excuse，theft这类字眼。由此可以看出，本文是揭露了资本主义制度下富人对穷人的欺骗以及劳动者所面临的根本问题，反映了作者对这种制度的批判和不满。因此，作者对英国工业化早期充满了厌恶之情。
The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890\"s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been speeded by the closing of the internal frontier—that is, the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. Not only was Turner\"s thesis influential at the time, it was later adopted and elaborated by other scholars, such as John D. Hicks in The populist Revolt (1931). Actually, however, new lands were taken up for farming in the United States throughout and beyond the nineteenth century. In the 1890\"s, when agrarian discontent had become most acute, 1,100,000 new farms were settled, which was 500,000 more than had been settled during the previous decade. After 1890, under the terms of the Homestead Act and its successors, more new land was taken up for fanning than had been taken up for this purpose in the United states up until that time. It is true that a high proportion of the newly fanned land was suitable only for grazing and dry farming, but agricultural practices had become sufficiently advanced to make it possible to increase the profitability of farming by utilizing even these relatively barren lands. The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth century. In 1869 the Suez Canal was opened and the first transcontinental railroad in the United States was completed. An extensive network of telegraph and telephone communications was spun: Europe was connected by submarine cable with the United States in 1866 and with South America in 1874. By about 1870 improvements in agricultural technology made possible the full exploitation of areas that were most suitable for extensive farming on a mechanized basis. Huge tracts of land were being settled and farmed in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and in the American West, and these areas were joined with one another and with the countries of Europe into an interdependent market system. As a consequence, agrarian depressions no longer were local or national in scope, and they struck several nations whose internal frontiers had not vanished or were not about to vanish. Between the early 1870\"s and the 1890\"s the mounting agrarian discontent in America paralleled the almost uninterrupted decline in the prices of American agricultural products on foreign markets. Those staple-growing farmers in the United States who exhibited the greatest discontent were who had become most dependent on foreign markets for the sale of their products. In so far as Americans had been deterred from taking up new land for farming, it was because market conditions had made this period a perilous time in which to do so.（分数：10.00）
(1).The author provides information concerning newly farmed lands in the United States in paragraph 1 to support（分数：2.00）
A.a proposal by Frederick J. Turner that was later disputed by John D. Hicks.
B.an elaboration by John D. Hicks of thesis that formerly had been questioned by Turner. C.the thesis that important changes occurred in the nature of international trade during the second half of the 19th century.
D.the view that the American frontier did not become closed during the 19th century or soon thereafter. √
解析：解析：事实细节题。本文首段第三至五句指出\"然而，事实是在整个19世纪直至20世纪，美国新土地的开垦一直持续不断。在19世纪90年代，当农民的不满情绪发展到最尖锐的时候，全国又新建了110万个农场，这比前10年多50万个。1890年以后，根据宅地法案以及以后颁布的有关法令，农民继续得到比以前更多的土地\"。由此可以看出，作者在这里提到美国的新农场是为了说明在这个时期美国边远地区并没有消失的观点，这正是答案选项的内容。
(2).The author implies that the cause of the agrarian discontent was（分数：2.00） A.masked by the vagueness of the official records on newly settled farms.
B.overshadowed by disputes on the reliability of the existing historical evidence. C.misidentified as a result of influential but erroneous theorizing. √ D.overlooked because of a preoccupation with market conditions.
解析：解析：推理判断题。文章第二段首句指出\"学者和政治家对设想的美国边远地区的消失所给予的强调促使其掩盖了19世纪下半叶国际贸易状况及其后果所产生的变化及其重要性\"。由此可以看出，作者这里暗示这才是美国农民不满的起因，但却被有影响力的错误理论误导了。
(3).According to the passage which of the following occurred prior to 1890?（分数：2.00） A.Frederick J. Turner\"s thesis regarding the American frontier became influential. B.Technological advances made it fruitful to farm extensively on a mechanized basis. √ C.Direct lines of communication were constructed between the US and South America. D.The Homestead Act led to an increase in the amount of newly farmed land in the US. 解析：解析：事实细节题。文章第二段第四句指出\"大约到1870年，农业技术的改进使得有可能充分利用最适合大规模机械化耕种的地区\"。答案选项正是此句的同义转述。
(4).Changes in the conditions of international trade resulted in an（分数：2.00） A.underestimation of the amount of new land that was being farmed in the US. B.underutilization of relatively small but rich plots of land.
C.overexpansion of the world transportation network for agricultural products. D.extension of agrarian depressions beyond national boundaries. √
解析：解析：事实细节题。本文末段倒数第三句指出\"其结果是：农业萧条不再是地区范围或本国范围的事情。农业萧条同时袭击好几个国家，不论其国内未开发的边远地区消失与否\"。答案选项正是这部分内容的同义转述，故是本题正确答案。
(5).Compared to the yearly price changes that actually occurred on foreign agricultural markets during the 1880\"s American farmers would have most preferred yearly price changes that were（分数：2.00）
A.similar in size but in the opposite direction. √ B.much smaller and in the same direction. C.much smaller but in the opposite direction. D.slightly greater and in the same direction.
解析：解析：推理判断题。文章倒数第三句指出\"从19世纪70年代初到90年代之间，美国农民不满情绪剧增的现象同美国农产品在国外市场的价格几乎不问断下跌的现象同时发生\"。这就意味着：美国农民不满的原因是农产品在国外市场价格不断下跌(而当时平民党提出的批评是政府没有用农产品补贴来加以支持，相反对工业品却用关税加以保护)，美国农民最希望的是农产品国外市场每年的间隔变化不断上升，并且上升的幅度与下降的幅度一样大。 4.Part B
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
You are going to read an article which is followed by a list of examples or headings. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-F for each numbered position(41-45). There may be certain extra which you do not need to use. (10 points)You are going to read a list of headings and a text about Managing the Dell Way.A. No ExcuseB. Worry About saving Money, Not saving FaceC. Leave the Ego at the DoorD. No victory LapsE. No Easy TargetsF. Be Direct Michael Dell revolutionized the PC biz with a direct-sales model that keeps costs low and customer satisfaction high. That was 19 years ago, yet Dell is still outdistancing rivals. Credit his management principles: (41) 1. It\"s an attitude, not just a business model. When the CEO talks, he doesn\"t mince words, and workers shouldn\"t either. They\"re supposed to question everything and challenge their bosses. And no one is exempt. In Dell\"s own annual 360-degree review, workers complained of his detached style, so he has pledged to be more emotionally engaged. (42) 2. Dell believes in accountability above all else: \"There\"s no \"the dog ate my homework\" at Dell,\" he warns. A manager must quickly admit a problem, confront it, and never be defensive. Dell ruthlessly exposes weak spots during grueling quarterly reviews. And execs know they had better fix the problem before the next meeting. (43) 3. To Dell, celebration breeds complacency. He once rejected an idea to display Dell artifacts in the company\"s lobby because \"museums are looking at the past.\" When they succeed, managers
must make due with a short e-mail or a quick pat on the back. The founder s mantra: Celebrate for a nanosecond, then move on.\" (44) 4. The company favors \"two-in-a-box\" management, in which two executives share responsibility for a product, a region, or a company function. That forces them to work as a team, playing off each other\"s strengths and watching out for each other\"s weaknesses. (45) 5. It\"s not enough to rack up profits or turbocharge growth—execs must do both. Miss a profit goal, and you\"re not cutting costs fast enough. Overshoot it, and you\"re leaving sales on the table. In the past year, the server, storage, and networking chiefs were reassigned, despite solid results. \"Pity the folks who didn\"t use all the bullets in their gun \"says a former exec. Unlike its rivals, Dell is quick to pull the plug on disappointing new ventures. The latest: Despite a year of work and extensive news coverage, Michael Dell spiked a plan to put e-commerce kiosks in Sears stores after just four were installed. Instead, kiosks are going into public areas in malls.（分数：8.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）
解析：解析：本段的关键词是\"defensive\"(托辞回避)，选项A和它是同一个意思，因此只要掌握了\"defensive\"的词义，就很容易了。
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D）
解析：解析：本段中的\"celebration breeds complacency\"及\"celebrate for a nanosecond，then move on\"已经暗示了答案。而在选项中，D中的No victory Laps(胜不足喜)刚好与之对应。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）
解析：解析：此题相对来说有一定的难度，通过排除法可知选项F显然不对，故选C。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E）
解析：解析：本段花了大量的篇幅论述了两个目标(利润目标和增长目标)的达标情况，可见只有选项E是正确答案。
5.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
Today\"s worker is no longer willing to work in an authoritarian and dehumanizing environment. Workers want meaning in their work and balance in their lives. They want opportunities to contribute and to know how their work is effective. Employees want to work for organizations that respect them as individuals. (46) They also want to know that they are working for an ethical company that acts in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. Today, and in the future, companies must design work so that employees can take responsibility and be rewarded appropriately. By changing attitudes and conditions in the workplace, organizations can help make work more meaningful. Repetitive factory routines and office work that simply moves paper from in-box to out-box are mindless tasks that destroy motivation and productivity. Research has shown that mental challenge is closely related to job satisfaction. (47) Too little challenge in the work, as in completely automated tasks, generally leads to boredom and lowered satisfaction. On the other hand, too much-challenge may lead to failure and frustration. Thus success or achievement in reaching an accepted standard of competence is an important factor in job satisfaction. Today\"s workers want to be a valued part of the whole. They want to know that their work is important and how it fits into the corporate strategy. They want to know not only how the work they do affects others and the organization\"s goals, but how they as individuals can make an impact. (48) Employees will contribute their knowledge enthusiastically in a corporate culture that values the individual. (49) The profitability of a company is related to the quality and efforts of its workers. Therefore, a direct relationship between job performance and reward makes work more meaningful. Compaq Computers, for example, has an unusually low turnover rate among its employees. Like most companies in the computer field, Compaq expects its people to work long and hard to achieve big results quickly. (50) In many companies an atmosphere of constant push would inspire people to seek
employment with less pressure somewhere else. Instead, high quality people stay with Compaq. The company\"s culture emphasizes individual responsibility for results and high respect for individuals. Compaq benefits from creating opportunities for employees to perform to the best of their potential and to be rewarded for their achievements.（分数：10.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：他们也想知道他们为之工作的民族公司在社会和环境方面都有一定的责任感。) 解析：解析：ethical company意为\"讲道德规范的公司\"；that acts in a socially and…是定语从句，修饰company，因为该定语从句不是很长，所以在翻译时可考虑译成汉语中的前置定语。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：无挑战的工作，如在全自动化的环境中的工作，通常都会导致厌倦和满足感的降低。另一方面，挑战过大会导致失败和挫折。因而，能力达到一个公认的成功或成就标准是工作满足感的一个重要因素。)
解析：解析：as in completely automated tasks作方式状语，意为\"正如…\"。Too much challenge may lead to failure and frustration直译为\"太多的挑战可能会导致失败和挫折\"，但如果对句式稍加变化，转换成一个条件状语从句则更符合汉语的表达习惯，即\"如果工作太艰巨…\"；accepted意为\"认可的，能接受的\"。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：在一个重视个人价值的公司文化氛围中，雇员就会热心为公司贡献自己的知识。) 解析：解析：contribute意为\"贡献\"；corporate culture意为\"企业文化\"；value是动词，意为\"重视，尊重\"。依据汉语的表达习惯，该句可从后往前译，因为汉语中地点状语一般前置。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：公司的收益率与其雇员的努力和素质相关。因此，在工作业绩和奖励直接相联就使得工作变得更有意义。)
解析：解析：profitability意为\"盈利能力\"；a direct relationship直译为\"直接的关系\"，意译为\"直接挂钩\"，这样的译文更符合文体的需要。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：在许多公司，不断对员工施加压力的气氛可能启发人们在别处寻找压力较低的工作。相反，高素质的人留在了康柏。)
解析：解析：在该句中，push 和 pressure意思相同，都意为\"压力\"。inspire somebody to do something意为\"激发…做…\"。Compaq指的是\"康柏公司\"(注：康柏公司后为惠普公司收购)。
三、 Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)
6.Section III Writing
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
7.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
8.You are supposed to invite Dr. King to make a speech about the future development of computer science at the annual conference of your department. Write a letter to Mr. King to 1) invite him on behalf of your department, 2) tell him the time and place of the conference, and 3) promise to give him further details later. You should write about 100 words neatly. Do not sign your own name. Use \"Li Ming\" instead. You do not need to write the address. （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Dear Dr. King, The Department of Computer Science of Beijing University would like to extend to you an invitation to be our guest speaker at the annual conference, which will be held at the speech hall of our department at nine o\"clock, Saturday morning, May 11th, 2006. As you know, the department is interested in the future development of the computer science. Since
you are very familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us all. You will receive further details later, but we would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda. Cordially, Li Ming) 解析：
9.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
10.Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled \"Celebrating Mother\"s Day\". In your article, you should cover the following points. 1) describe the drawing, 2) interpret its symbolic meaning, and 3) give your comment. You should write 160—200 words neatly.（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Celebrating \"Mother\"s Day\" The picture is featured with cerebrating \"Mother\"s Day\while the old couple are busy cleaning up the table and washing dishes. It took their father and mother a whole day to go shopping and prepare for the dinner. It has been a long time since they got together to visit their parents. Is it really the case? Let\"s see what their beloved mother is doing in the other side of the picture. It was not easy to manage such a big feast for the whole family. It took their mother quite a long time to cook food and now after the meal, she was busying herself washing dishes. Besides, she has to take care of her grandson on her back. \"After all, they remember it\"s Mother\"s Day today and that\"s enough,\" sighs the mother, comforting herself. How thoughtful the picture is! Actually, the sons and daughters are not really celebrating Mother\"s Day; they just leave their mother doing all the housework. I can\"t help questioning. \"Is it the proper way to show children\"s love towards their mother?\" \"No\" is my answer, of course. To help the elders is for children to act properly, but not to trouble the aged to a greater extent.) 解析：
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