A
(2016·南通第一次调研)
There's a case to be made，from things like Google search figures，that Robert Frost's poem The Road Not Taken—you know，the one about two paths diverging(分开) in a wood—is the most popular in modern history.Yet people still can't agree what it means.On the surface，it's a fridge－magnet cliché (陈词滥调) on the importance of taking risks and choosing the road less travelled.But many argue it slyly mocks(暗讽) that American belief in the individual's power to determine his or her future.After all，the poet admits that both paths look roughly similarly well－travelled.And how could he be sure he took the right one？He'll never know where the other leads.Looking back at our life histories，we tell ourselves we faced important dilemmas and chose wisely.But maybe only because it's too awful to admit we're stumbling(跌跌撞撞地走) mapless among the trees，or that our choices don't make much difference.
Two psychologists，Karalyn Enz and Jennifer Talarico，throw light on these matters in a new study with a title that nods to Frost: Forks In The Road.They sought to clarify how people think about “turning points” versus “transitions” in life.A turning point，by their definition，is a moment that changes your future—deciding to leave a job or marriage，say—but often isn't visible from the outside，at least at first. “Transitions” involve big external changes: going to university，marrying，emigrating(迁出)．Sometimes the two go together，as when you move to a new place and realize it's where you belong.(“New Yorkers are born all over the country，” Delia Ephron said，“and then they come to New York and it hits them: oh，that's who I am.”) But it's turning points we remember as most significant，Enz and Talarico conclude，whether or not they also involve transitions.
The distinction is useful: it underlines how the most outwardly obvious life changes aren't always those with the biggest impact.Hence the famous “focusing illusion”，which describes how we exaggerate (夸大) the importance of a single factor on happiness: you switch jobs，or spouses，only to discover you brought the same
troublesome old you to the new situation. Before it became a joke，“midlife crisis” referred to a turning point that happens because your circumstances don't change, when your old life stops feeling meaningful.Turning points can be caused by mundane(世俗的) things—the offhand remark that makes you realize you're in the wrong life—or by nothing at all.
诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特的《未选择的路》展现了现实生活中人们处在十字路口时难以抉择的心情。在诗中，诗人选择了一条人迹稀少、布满荆棘的道路，在做出抉择后，同时又遗憾“鱼和熊掌不可兼得”。心理学家卡拉琳·恩茨和詹妮弗·塔拉里科在一项题为《决定性时刻》的新的研究中试图阐明人们如何思考人生中的“转折点”与“转变”的差别。其实，我们的选择决定了我们的命运是否掌握在自己手中。
1．Why do some people think the poem makes fun of the American belief? A．Because the two roads are more or less similar in the poet's view. B．Because Americans believe they can decide their future themselves. C．Because Americans can find their way easily in a forest just with a map. D．Because Americans surely know which road to take without consideration.
A [推理判断题。根据第一段第四、五句可知，一些人认为这首诗嘲笑了美国人的信仰的原因是在诗人看来，这两条路是大致相似的。故选项A符合题意。]
2．Which of the following can be considered as a transition? A．Your experience of midlife crisis. B．Your choice of the road to take. C．Your decision to travel abroad. D．Your move into a new flat.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段第四句可知，“转变”涉及大的外部变化：上大学、结婚、移民、搬家等。故选项D符合题意。]
3．What can we infer from this passage?
A．Turning points involving transitions are often remembered as most significant.
B．The biggest impact is often characterized with obvious outside changes.
C．A fundamental change is often affected by more than one single factor. D．We can rid ourselves of the unpleasant past with the change of a job. C [推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，你更换了工作或者配偶，结果却发现你将同样的令人烦恼的原来的自己带到了新环境。更换了工作或者配偶这种单一因素无法产生根本的变化，不止一个因素的影响才能导致根本的变化。故选项C正确。]
4．What's the best title of the passage? A．Is our fate in our own hands? B．Must people make changes in life? C．Should we choose the road less travelled? D．Are turning points connected with transitions?
A [主旨大意题。综览全文可知，其实我们的选择决定了我们的命运是否掌握在自己手中。故选项A符合题意。]
【导学号：57732057】
B
(2016·衡水中学模拟)
The world's biggest learning technology show has opened in London，with Education Secretary Michael Gove promising a more ambitious computer science curriculum (课程) in schools in England.He says pupils as young as five will learn to code and program，but many children already do.
Amy Mather's first taste of coding was at a science festival，when she was 11.Now 14，she designs games，writes her own software and was named the European Digital Girl of the Year in 2013.“Everyone has ideas how to make our lives easier，” she says.“Coding gives you the power to do that.The sky's the limit.” The young coder who cashed_in was Nick D' Aloisio，from London，made his fortune when he sold an app he created when he was 15.
Callum Easton，14，was at the London show with a group from his school in Portland，Dorset.His father，an engineer，gave him his first taste of coding when he was barely old enough to go to school.
Someone very aware of the growing interest in coding among teenagers is Steven
Flower.He set up a group for young coders in Manchester in 2009.About eight turned up，all of them are boys.Now he's expecting 150 teenagers next month at his Manchester Coder Dojo.It will be a full house，and it is free.Many bring their own laptop，or their Raspberry Pi—a relatively simple computer for coding.And the parents who used to drop off their kids and come back later，now often stay to see what is going on.“The average age is about 10 and a half，but we have six－year－olds coming along，” he says.Plenty of those who turn up are girls，but they are still outnumbered by boys by a rate of 60：40.“Coding gets more attention now because it's cooler，” Steven says.
本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了越来越多的青少年开始学习电脑编程。 5．What's Amy Mather's opinion about coding? A．Complex. C．Promising.
B．Boring. D．Useless.
C [观点态度题。根据第二段她说的话“Coding gives you the power to do that.The sky's the limit.”可知答案为C。]
6．What does the underlined phrase “cashed in” most probably mean? A．Joined. C．Failed.
B．Earned money. D．Raised money.
B [词义猜测题。根据此短语后面的内容“from London，made his fortune when he sold an app he created when he was 15”可知该短语应该意为“赚钱”，因此答案为B。]
7．What can we infer from the text? A．More girls than boys are learning to code. B．Learning to code in Coder Dojo is charged. C．Boys are better at coding than girls. D．Callum Easton was influenced by his father.
D [推理判断题。根据第三段中“His father，an engineer，gave him his first taste of coding when he was barely old enough to go to school.”可判断答案为D。]
8．What's the best title of the text? A. Teenage Computer Coders on the Rise
B．The Biggest Learning Technology Show C．Young Coders Center in Manchester D．Computer Science Curriculum in Schools
A [标题归纳题。通读整篇文章可知，文章讲述了越来越多的青少年学习电脑编程，故答案为A。]
C
(2016·潍坊三模)
Given that female bed bugs lay over 200 eggs during their lifetime，it's not surprising that about one out of five American households have had or know someone who has had a bed bug infection.But a new study shows that an unexpected weapon may be useful in the fight against the tiny，biting enemies：color.The BBC's Michelle Roberts reports that bed bugs appear to have strong preferences for certain colors.
A group of researchers became curious about whether bed bugs like certain colors，so they created tiny tents，or_harborages of different colors and placed them in petri dishes(培养皿)．The researchers then put bed bugs on the center of the dish，giving them ten minutes to choose which harborage they wanted to hide in.
Bed bugs are nest parasites(寄生虫)—that's why they love human“nests”or bedrooms.So they're crazy about finding shelter.As a result，it would make sense that a bug placed on the scary broadness of a petri dish would rush for cover as soon as possible.
Most of the bugs ran to black and red harborages，passing by ones of other colors.And they weren't into yellow or green at all.Overall，the bugs preferred harborages in this order：red，black，orange，blue，lilac，violet and green.Gender influenced the decisions because groups of single－gender bugs preferred the same colors.Researchers guess that the decisions may have to do with bugs' considering different shelters as better or worse places to mate or perhaps stay safe from enemies.
“We originally thought the bed bugs might prefer red because blood is red and that's what they feed on，”says Dr.Corraine McNeill.“However，after doing the study，the main reason we think they prefer red colors is that bed bugs themselves appear red，so they go to these harborages because they want to be with other bed bugs，as they are known to exist in groups.”
本文是一篇科普文。主要讲述了研究人员发现臭虫偏爱某种颜色，这有利于我们应对它们。
9．What did the research discover?
A．Bed bugs are particular about certain colors. B．Bed bugs have a preference for living in groups. C．Bed bugs are difficult to get rid of. D．Bed bugs are afraid of dark colors.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段“The BBC's Michelle Roberts reports that bed bugs appear to have strong preferences for certain colors.”可知臭虫对颜色特别挑剔。]
10．The word“harborages”in Para.2 can be replaced by“________”． A．bed rooms C．eggs
B．dishes D．shelters
D [词义猜测题。根据第二段“so they created tiny tents”和“giving them ten minutes to choose which harborage they wanted to hide in”可知D项正确。]
11．Bed bugs like red mainly because________． A．they are red B．red is beautiful
C．red can scare their enemies away D．blood is red and they feed on blood
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段“the main reason we think they prefer red colors is that bed bugs themselves appear red”可知臭虫喜欢红色主要是因为它们自身是红色。]
12．What color sheet should people choose against bed bugs according to the research?
A．Red. C．White.
B．Yellow. D．Black.
B [推理判断题。根据第四段“Most of the bugs ran to black and red harborages，passing by ones of other colors.And they weren't into yellow or green at all.”可知B项正确。]
【导学号：57732058】
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