训练3 主旨大意题
A
(2016·兰州检测)
It was the day before the Bolder (a 10-kilometer race) when I decided to take an easy run on the beautiful path by my home.At fifty-three，I'm trying to accept that slowing down is just a part of life.As I rounded the corner and started up one of the many familiar hills，a pretty girl was jogging toward me.It was one of the nicest meetings I have had on the path in over thirty years.“Hi，Mom，” she said breathlessly.
My children have watched my husband and me go running most mornings of their lives.It was so predictable that when my daughter was six years old，I commented，“You know honey，not all parents go running every morning.”“Really Mommy，like who？” she asked.
My only daughter is my youngest child.I always thought how happy I'd be if my children started running.But my daughter never seemed to like it too much when I came in sweaty from a run and was tired.“You smell unpleasant，Mom！” My sons ran the Bolder Boulder once，but after that their running shoes were left to gather dust.Nevertheless，I kept running and racing while my children did not.
But meeting my daughter on the path that morning was a beautiful example of what parenting about.It's really so much more about what we do versus what we say.Of course，as a psychologist I always advise my clients that good parenting should be all about modeling.We now have five pairs of running shoes，since my sons both have also recently found their way to the path.So no matter how fast I am this Memorial Day，I've already felt the joy of winning.Besides，I am reminded that doing what you love will bring a medal for the whole family.
作者和丈夫坚持跑步，他们用自己的实际行动深深地影响着孩子们，孩子们也自愿加入到跑步的行列。
1．Why was the day before the race so special for the author?
A．She realized the meaning of life. B．She realized the meaning of her.
C．Her family decided to take part in the race with her. D．She was encouraged to win a gold medal in the race.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a pretty girl was jogging toward me.It was one of the nicest meetings I have had on the path in over thirty years.‘Hi，Mom，’ she said breathlessly”可知很普通的一天变得不平凡了是因为作者的女儿也开始跑步了。]
2．What led the author's children to start running? A. Their friends' advice. B．Their desire to win a race. C．Their school requirements. D．Their parents' positive influence.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段“But meeting my daughter on the path that morning was a beautiful example...good parenting should be all about modeling.”可知，作者的孩子们是深深地受到了她和丈夫的影响开始跑步的。]
3．What would be the best title for the passage? A. Following in Our Footsteps B．Creating a Life Full of Goals C．Spending More Time with Family D．Enjoying the Benefits of Running
A [标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者的孩子们起初对跑步没兴趣，但作者和丈夫坚持跑步，他们用实际行动影响了孩子们，最终他们也自愿加入到跑步的行列。所以A项最能概括文章的主旨大意。]
【导学号：85602068】
B
(2016·深圳二模)
Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures (核心体温) in cold winters and warm summers.In addition，people have developed cultural
patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity(湿度)．
In very cold climates，there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia(低体温)，which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels.The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0℃.However，differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6℃ higher or lower in healthy individuals.It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people.Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4℃.Below 29.4℃，the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails.The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death.However，there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9—15.6℃.This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes.She was found unconscious，not breathing，and her heart had stopped beating，yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7℃.
In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections，core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels.This is hypothermia.Life threatening hypothermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6—41.7℃.Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类及其他哺乳动物具有非同寻常的有效的内部体温调节系统，可以在寒冷的冬天或炎热的夏天自动维持稳定的核心体温。
4．Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons? A. Because their bodies are unusually efficient. B．Because they experience different climates.
C．Because they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies. D．Because they have internal temperature regulating systems.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在不同季节，人类能够保持稳定的核心体温，是因为他们具有有效的内部体温调节系统。故选D。]
5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss?
A. The dangerous effects of hypothermia. B．The change of body temperature. C．The survival of the Swedish woman.
D．The regulating systems of natural temperature.
A [段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第一句为该段主题句，概括了该段大意，由此可知第二段主要讲述了低体温会造成的危害。故选A。]
6．What is the best title for the passage? A．Surviving in an ice trap B．Getting to know hypothermia C．Adapting to climate extremes D．Changing core body temperature
C [标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度)”以及文章整体内容可知，本文主要讲述了人类通过内部核心体温以及发展文化模式和技术来适应气候的变化。故C项“适应极端气候”概括了文章大意，适合做文章标题。故选C。]
C
(2016·大连模拟)
As we grow old，we realize that we have so little time to read and there are so many great books that we've yet to get around to.Yet re-readers are everywhere around us.For certain fans，rereading The Lord of the Rings is a conventional practice annually.One friend told me that Jane Austen's Emma can still surprise him，despite his having read it over 50 times.
New sudden clear understandings can be gained from the process of rereading.Journalist Rebacca Mead，a longtime English woman in New York，first came across George Eliot's Middle march at 17.Since then，she has read it again every five years.With each re-reading，it has opened up further; in each chapter of her life，it has resonated (引起共鸣) differently.Mead evidenced the large number of ways in which really good books not only stand the test of repeated reading，but also offer fresh gifts each time we crack their spines．These kinds of books grow with us.
Scientists have also recognized the mental health benefits of rereading.Research
conducted with readers in the US found that on our first reading，we are concerned with the “what” and the“why”．Second time round，we're able to better appreciate the emotions that the plot continues to express.As researcher Cristel Russell of the American University explained，returning to a book “brings new or renewed appreciation of both the great book and its readers.”
It's true that we often find former selves on the pages of old books (if we're fond of making notes on the pages)．These texts can carry us back to a time and place，and remind us of the kind of person that we were then.We're changed not only by living experience but also by reading experience.More than the movie director，the writer calls upon our imaginations，using words to lead us to experience mixed feelings in literature.
Rereading a book takes up more time，but as Mead confirms，the rewards make it extremely worthwhile.
本文是一篇议论文。旨在帮助我们认识重新阅读的重要性。 7．The two books are mentioned in Paragraph 1 mainly to ． A．attract the attention of readers B．introduce the topic of the passage C．provide some background information D．show the similarity between rereaders
B [推理判断题。第一段作者提到两本书被人们重新阅读是为了引入本文话题——重新阅读。]
8．The underlined expression “crack their spines” in Paragraph 2 refers to ．
A．recite them C．recall them
B．re-read them D．retell them
B [词义猜测题。根据第二段“Mead evidenced the large number of ways in which really good books not only stand the test of repeated reading，but also offer fresh gifts each time we crack their spines”可知米德证明：在很多方面，好书不仅禁得住反复阅读的考验，而且在我们每次重复阅读的时候提供崭新的礼物。crack their spines表示“重新读书”。]
9．It can be learned from the passage that ． A．reading benefits people both physically and mentally B．readers mainly focus on feelings on their first reading C．we know ourselves better through rereading experience D．writers inspire the same imaginations as film directors do
C [细节理解题。根据第三段“As researcher Cristel Russell of the American University explained，returning to a book ‘brings new or renewed appreciation of both the great book and its readers.’”重读一本书带给这本极好的书新的再次欣赏，也带给读者新的或重新的认识。可知人们通过重新阅读可以更好地了解自己。]
10．The purpose of the passage is to ． A．call on different understandings of old books B．focus on the mental health benefits of reading C．bring awareness to the significance of rereading D．introduce the effective ways of rereading old books
C [写作意图题。通读全文并结合文章最后一段“Re-reading a book takes up more time，but as Mead confirms，the rewards make it extremely worthwhile.”可知本文旨在帮我们认识到重新阅读的重要性。]
【导学号：85602069】
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容