（20160715）
是非题：
Passage 1
Body color is of great importance for many animals. For example, the stripes of a zebra and the spots of a giraffe make them look very surprising in zoo. But if you saw them in Africa against a background of trees with the sunlight going through the leaves, then you would be greatly surprised how difficult they are to see, for they seem to be mixed into the background.
This is called protective coloration, for it protects the animal from its enemies by making itself more difficult to be seen. You can see this protective coloration in many kinds or animals. The angel fish, for example, is striped like a zebra so that it becomes almost invisible against the background of the red stems in the streams of very hot areas. Another fish that has wonderful protective coloration is the common plaice(比目鱼). This remarkable flat fish can change the color of its body so that it can suit whatever type of ground it is lying on.
The chameleon (变色龙) is a famous for its protective coloration, for it can change its body colors as it walks from a tree onto a branch with green leaves. You can see it turn green as you watch. In this case, of course, its ability to match its surroundings serves two purposes: protecting it from its enemies and making it nearly impossible to be seen by insects on which it feeds. 1. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. It is to tell people to protect animals.
B. It is to explain how animals change their colors. C. It is to introduce the function or animals' body color.
D. It is to tell readers that the world is full of varieties 2. Body color is important for animals because________.
A. they like to be different from each other B.they depend upon it for survival C. it presents a colorful picture D. it is part of the wild life 3.The chameleon is well-known for its________.
A. great speed in changing body color B. ability to change situation
C . technique in catching insects D. ability to go from place to place quickly. 4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. Protective coloration can help animals to get food.
B. The plaice can change its color into one similar to the ground. C. Protective coloration can protect animals from their enemies. D. You can easily see a zebra in Africa because of its stripes.
5. How many animals that can change body color are mentioned in the passage?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Passage 2
Our minds may wander during boring tasks because daydreaming is actually the brain's normal state, rather than a pointless distraction, according to a new U.S. study.
The researchers, reporting their findings today in the U.S. journal, Science, found that daydreaming could be the result of the brain thinking over important—but not immediately relevant—issues when the external environment ceases to pose interesting and engaging problems.
“For the most part psychologists have sort of assumed that we spend most of our time engaged in goal-directed thought and that, every so often, we have blips (光点) of irrelevant thoughts that pop up on the radar,” said Malia Mason of Harvard University. “However, it could very well be the case that most of the time we are engaged in less directed, unintended thought and that this state is routinely interrupted by periods of goal-directed thought.\"
Daydreaming or mind-wandering is more precisely defined as a state of mind where thoughts that are experienced by an individual are unrelated to what is going on in the environment around them, according to Mason. When wandering, the brain flits from one thought to the next, generating images, voices, thoughts and feelings.
When deciding how best to encourage daydreaming in order to study it, the researchers recognized that our minds often wander while we are engaged in familiar tasks, such as making a sandwich, because we don't need to concentrate on it. They trained study subjects to become proficient on certain tasks so that their minds would be able to wander when they performed them, but would have to concentrate when given something new.
1. According to the new US study mentioned in the passage, daydream happens when ___________.
A. the brain thinks over important but temporarily irrelevant things
B. the external environment stops posing interesting and engaging problems C. the brain generates images, voices, thoughts and feelings D. both A and B.
2. According to Mason, we spend most of our time engaged in___________.
A. goal-directed thought B. less directed and unintended thought C. very important thought D. none of the above 3. In order to study daydream, researchers ___________. A. encourage study subjects to daydream B. ask study subjects to make sandwiches C. train study subjects to become proficient on certain tasks D. help study subjects concentrate on certain tasks
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?
A. Daydream is a meaningless distraction away from the brain’s normal state. B. Daydream researchers find that one cannot concentrate on familiar tasks.
C. During daydreaming, thoughts flash through the brain one after another, producing images and voices and feelings.
D. Mason shares the same opinion with most psychologists. 5. The passage is most probably from _____________.
A. a science magazine B. a medical textbook C. a personal letter D. a government document
Passage 3
The city has always been an engine of intellectual life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modem art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art
of Shakespeare.
And yet, city life isn’t easy. Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing. Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs (损害) our basic mental processes. After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control. While it’s long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that cities actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so.
One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life.
This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone (里程碑). For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities. Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, we’re crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of strangers. In recent years, it’s become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think. 1. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?
A. The city inspires talented people. B. The city hurts your brain.
C. The city has many pleasures and benefits. D. The city seriously affects the natural balance.
2. The word “metropolis” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_______.
A. citizen B. nature C. city D. stress 3. People have just come to realize that_______.
A. human attention is a scarce resource B. city life can make people very tired
C. the city is an engine of intellectual life D. an urban environment is damaging to the brain
4. What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospital patients recover more quickly?
A. Nature. B. Better treatment. C. Experienced doctors. D. Good medicine.
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Different aspects of an urban environment, such as the crowded streets, can lead to an increase in self-control.
B. Small changes in urban design cannot reduce the negative side effects of city life. C. For the first time in history, the earth’s population is more urban than rural. D. A walk down a busy city street will improve brain performance.
答案与解析
Passage 1 1、【解析】正确答案是C。根据第一段介绍，Body color is of great importance身体颜色对动物的重要性并举例说明，可知本文主要介绍颜色的功能。 2、【解析】正确答案是B。第二段第一句“This is called protective coloration（保护色）, for it protects the animal from its enemies by making itself more difficult to be seen.保护动物不被看到”，可以得知。 3、【解析】正确答案是A。根据第三段，it can change its body colors as it walks from a tree onto a branch with green leaves. You can see it turn green as you watch，变色龙可以从树干爬到树枝就可以变色，或者你眼看着它就会变成绿色，可见其变色速度很快。 4、【解析】正确答案是D。根据第一段内容，斑马身上的条纹在动物园看上去很醒目，但是“if you saw them in Africa against a background of trees with the sunlight going through the leaves, then you would be greatly surprised how difficult they are to see”如果在非洲，就很难被看到，因此选项D是错误的。 5、【解析】正确答案是A。根据全文可知，能改变体色的只有比目鱼和变色龙两种动物。 Passage 2
1【解析】正确答案是D。根据第二段可知白日梦的两个原因，对应A和B。
2【解析】正确答案是B。根据第三段最后一句话，“However, it could very well be the case that most of the time we are engaged in less directed, unintended thought”，可知应选B。
3【解析】正确答案是C。根据全文最后一句话可知，研究人员训练研究对象熟练做某些特定任务。
4【解析】正确答案是C。根据第四段最后一句，“When wandering, the brain flits(掠过，闪过) from one thought to the next, generating images, voices, thoughts and feelings.”，可知做白日梦时，很多想法一个接一个闪过，产生图像、声音和情感。
5【解析】正确答案是A。全文从科学的角度，讲述了关于白日梦的种种情况，根据内容可以确定这篇文章最有可能选自科学杂志。
Passage 3
1. 【解析】正确答案B。主旨题，根据文章大意，讲的是城市生活影响我们的大脑，因此选B The city hurts your brain。
2. 【解析】正确答案C。猜测词义的题，根据上文一直在讲the city的种种好处，可知此处metropolis也是city的意思。
3. 【解析】正确答案D。根据文章第二段Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing可知，人们开始认识到城市的环境对人体大脑的损害，因此选择D。
4. 【解析】正确答案A。文章第三段第一句One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain，定语从句修饰nature，说它是对大脑有益的，紧接着举了医院病人看到更多的树而康复更快的例子，因此本题选A。
5. 【解析】正确答案C。细节题，根据文章倒数第二段For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities大多数人开始生活在城市，可知C the earth’s population is more urban than rural是正确的。
词汇题：
Passage 1
The economy of the United states after 1952 was the economy of a well-fed, almost fully employed people. Despite occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar liquidation (清算)and lived in a state of boom. The history of extraction, production, and distribution had therefore been almost nothing but a statistical (统计的) table reflecting prosperity.
An economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the decades. The national output was valued at about 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War II. The country’s business spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is, about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them.
Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was a vicious (危险的) echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmers’ share of their products declined, marketing costs rose.
1. Which of the following aspects of United States history is the passage mainly about? A. The agricultural trends of the 1950's. B. The unemployment rate in 1955.
C. The general economic situation in the 1950's. D. The federal budget 0f 1952.
2. In the first paragraph, the word “boom\" could best be replaced by____.
A.nearby explosion B. general public support C. thunderous noise D. rapid economic growth
3. The passage states that income available for spending in the U.S. was approximately ________ greater in 1955 than in 1950.
A. 33% B . 50% C . 66% D. 90%
4. It can be inferred from the passage that most people in the U.S. in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of________.
A. optimism B. confusion C.anxiety D. suspicion
5. Which of the following statements about the 1950s in the United States is NOT true? A. The unemployment rate was very low. B . Farmers' situation was the worst.
C . The government invested a lot of money in manufacturing industry. D. The national output increased greatly.
Passage 2
It happened in February about twelve years ago. I had left school a couple of months before that and was not due to go to university until the following October. I was still living at home at the time.
One morning I was in Richmond, a suburb of London near where I lived. I was looking for a
temporary job so that I could save up some money to go traveling. As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall.
It was about half past eleven when it happened. I was just walking out of the local library, having unsuccessfully sought employment there, when I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me. I thought he was going to ask me the time. Instead, he said he was a police officer and he was arresting me. At first I thought it was some kind of joke. But then another policeman appeared, this time in uniform, and I was left in no doubt.
'But what for?' I asked.
'Wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence,' he said. 'What offence?' I asked. 'Theft,' he said.
'Theft of what?' I asked.
'Milk bottles,' he said, and with a perfectly straight face too! 'Oh,' I said.
It turned out there had been a lot of petty thefts in the area, particularly that of stealing milk bottles from doorsteps.
Then I made my big mistake. At the time I was nineteen, had long untidy hair, and regarded myself as part of the sixties' 'youth counterculture'. As a result, I wanted to appear cool and unconcerned with the incident, so I said, 'How long have you been following me?' in the most casual and conversational tone I could manage. I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.
A few minutes later a police car arrived.
'Get in the back,' they said. 'Put your hands on the back of the front seat and don't move them.' They got in on either side of me. It wasn't funny any more. 1. At the time the story took place the author was _________.
A. at school B. at college C. waiting to attend college later that year D. working in the local library 2. He went job-hunting in order that he might earn enough money _________ .
A. to support himself B. to go to university C. to take a journey D. to hire a good lawyer 3. The first man who came up to him was __________ .
A. a uniformed policeman B. a policeman in plainclothes C. not a policeman D. a good joker 4. According to the passage, the story took place in _________.
A. London B. Richmond C. local library D. school 5. What does the word intention mean in the third paragraph?
A. purpose B. milk bottle C. belief D. situation
Passage 3
My father was foreman of s sugar-cane plantation in Rio piedras, puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.
It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. I’ve never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay.
I was only six years old, but I was doing a man’s job. Our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $18 a week. Our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirt floor and no toilet. Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem, one of the most important things a person can have.
When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never miss one. Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed, the more I thought, why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity I learned working in the field – except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.
1. What was the writer’s first job?
A. To stand down the fairway at a golf course.
B. To spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them. C. To drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields. D. To watch the sugar-cane plantation.
2. The word “tedious” in paragraph 2 most probably means ____.
A. hard B. boring C. interesting D. long 3. What did the writer learn about from his first job?
A. He could work as hard as possible. B. He could go to work on time.
C. He should never fail to go to work.
D. He should be respectful and loyal to the people he works for. 4. What gave the writer self-esteem?
A. Having a big family. B. Bringing money back home to help the family. C. Helping his father with the work. D. All of the above. 5. What was the writer’s dream while working at a golf course?
A. Making a lot of money by playing golf. B. Becoming a successful golfer. C. Running a golf course near his house. D. Both A & B.
答案与解析
Passage 1 1、【解析】正确答案是C。根据第一段“The economy of the United states after 1952”，和第二段“An economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s”，可知全文讲的是20世纪50年代美国的经济状况。 2、【解析】正确答案是D。根据第一段“fully employed people（所有人都有工作）”和“prosperity（繁荣）”，可见当时的经济是快速发展的。 3、【解析】正确答案是A。根据第二段“National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been in 1950. ”a third意为“三分之一”，即33%。 4、【解析】正确答案是A。根据第二段“Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them（大多人有工作，只有极少数人没有”，第三段“Only agriculture complained（只有农业方面抱怨）”，可见大多数人还是很乐观的。 5、【解析】正确答案是D。根据全文可知，失业率极低(A)；只有农业方面抱怨，可见农民的处境是最差的(B)；政府在制造业方面投入了大量的钱(30 billion dollars)(C)；而D项出口量增长巨大，只根据第二段“The national output was valued at about 10 percent above that of 1954（1955年的国家出口量比1954年多出10%）”，并不能推出D项。
Passage 2
1【解析】正确答案是C。根据第一段第二句，I had left school a couple of months before that and was not due 2【解析】正确答案是C。根据第二段第二句，I could save up some money to go traveling，作者打工攒钱是为了出门旅游。
3【解析】正确答案是B。根据第三段第三句，I thought he was going to ask me the time. Instead, he said he was a police officer and he was arresting me. 可知作者以为他是要问时间，但是后来才知道他是警察，可以推断这名警察是身穿便衣的。 4【解析】正确答案是B。第二段开头就告诉了故事发生的地点，One morning I was in Richmond。 5【解析】正确答案是A。根据上下文，那个人穿过马路，很明显是想和我说话。Intention意图，与purpose同义。
Passage 3
1、【解析】正确答案B。作者在第一段的第二句提到：My first job was to drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields.我的第一份工作便是赶着牛犁甘蔗地。很明显，C符合文章内容；A守候在高尔夫球场的球道上；B当球着地时辨认出来，以便高尔夫球手找到他们。在高尔夫球场的工作虽然作者也做过，但并不是作者的第一份工作，故答案为C。
2、【解析】正确答案B。文章第二段开始提到：It was very tedious work, but I prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.这份工作虽然很令人厌烦，但是使我对生活做好了准备，为我上了终身受益的一课.从but一词可以看出这句话明显带有转折的语气，显然tedious的语气与后面“我” 的收获相反，是否定的语气。上文提到，I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.我得在一头牛后面慢慢走，用一根帚柄引导它。一天一美元，我要一直工作8小时，没有用餐休息时间。这项工作劳动强度虽然不大，但是却是很单调乏味。A困难的，艰苦的；B 令人生厌的；C有趣的；D漫长的，故答案为B。
3、【解析】正确答案D。文章第二段提到：I also learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for.我也学会了应该尊敬并忠实于你为之工作的人。A他应尽可能努力的工作；B他应该准时上班；C他绝不能上班缺勤；这些选项在文中也提到过，都是在种植园主的监视下作者的实际做法，但并不符合本题的意思。作者在文中提出，在这一份工作中实际学到的便是尊敬和忠实于雇主。故答案为D。
4、【解析】正确答案B。文章第三段最后提到：Nothing made me prouder than bringing money home to help my mother, father, two brothers, and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem, one of the most important things a person can have.没有什么比拿钱回家帮助我的母亲，父亲，两个兄弟和三个姐妹更令我感到骄傲的了。这给我带来了自尊---一个人所能拥有的最重要的东西之一。很明显使作者感到自尊的是能赚钱帮助家人。A并非是作者感到自尊的原因；C也不甚准确；D前面提到的答案都对，这显然也不符合题目意思。故答案为B。
5、【解析】正确答案D。文章第四段最后提到：Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.多少个夜晚我躺在床上，梦想着我通过打高尔夫球挣到成千上万的美元，能够买一辆自行车。C在他房子附近经营一个高尔夫球场，文章没提到；A打高尔夫球挣许多钱；B成为一个成功的高尔夫球手。A和B均符合文章的意思，故答案为D。
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