动名词做状语

必修四unit4动名词做状语

分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：

1).Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。

2).Being poor, he didn’t go to school until eight .因为家里穷，他直到八

【Teaching aim 】:learn forms used as adverbial 【Teaching important point】: learn forms as adverbial 【Teaching difficult point】 : how to use forms as adverbial

岁才上学。

【自学导引】

3).Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night.

一、

动名词的形式

因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。

主动形式 被动形式 分词短语作结果状语。如：

一般式： doing being done 1).His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。

完成式： having done having been done 2).She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into

二、功能及用法（做状语）

-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：

1).While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。

2).Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想

pieces.

她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。

分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：

1).They stood there for half an hour, watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。

2).Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.

1Failure is the mother of success. - · 失败乃成功之母。

v1.0 可编辑可修改 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。

分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如： Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

注: -ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。

6. “with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：

1).His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。

2).Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。 注意：

形式的完成式作状语时，表明其与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾或者主谓关系，且先于谓语动词发生。如:

1).Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。

2).Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。

3).Having read the article for three times ,he could recite it .这篇文章他读了三遍，都能背下来了。

4).Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 被告诉过多次，他依然在重复着这些错误。

5).Not having finished the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.

还没有完成这项工程，他们不得不再在那里呆两周。

形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.-ing形式在句中作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语.

【课内探究】

．从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered suffered

2. Finding her car stolen, _______. A. a policeman was asked to help thoroughly

B. the area was searched

B. Suffering

C. Having suffered D.

Being

2Failure is the mother of success. - · 失败乃成功之母。

v1.0 可编辑可修改 C. it was looked for everywhere for help

D. she hurried to a policeman 7. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport (NMET 1998) A. making

B. makes

C. made

D. to make

in

the

world.

3. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information. A. hoped

B. hoping

C. to hope

D. hope

4. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _______. A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discovered C. a lake was discovered underground

D. the workers discovered an underground lake

5. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing

B. seized; disappeared

8. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (广东2004)

A. Not completing

B. Not completed D. Having not completed

C. Not having completed

9. Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

(上海2002)

A. lacked lacked in

10. Having been attacked by terrorists, _______. (上海2004)

B. lacking of

C. lacking

D.

D. seized; disappearing

6. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left (北京2004) A. To wait have waited

B. Have waited C. Having waited

D.

To

his

wallet

at

home. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed

C. an emergency measure was taken tourists

.11 ____ a reply, he decided to write again.(NMET92)

D. warnings were given to

3Failure is the mother of success. - · 失败乃成功之母。

v1.0 可编辑可修改 A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 12. ______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

A. Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known

13. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ____ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 14. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _______out of the window. (NMET2004) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having been looked 15. The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area. (NEMT2005)

A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused 16 It’s pleasure to watch the face of a ____ baby. A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept

17. The ____ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.

A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake

hotel ______ now beside the park was designed by a group of young men. A. to be built B. being built C. built D. building

19. When the first settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _______ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn 20. Do you know the boy _______there talking to your sister

A. to be standing B. stood C. being standing D. standing

4Failure is the mother of success. - · 失败乃成功之母。