一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类 1．阅读理解
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的) to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a \"ruby-crowned kinglet\" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of \"time\" and \"destination\"（目的地）are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them. I asked them what they'd seen. \"Oh, a few birds,\" they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations(感觉）. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
（1）What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A.To avoid jumping to conclusions. B.To stop complaining all the time. C.To follow the teacher's advice. D.To admit mistakes honestly.
（2）The bird watchers' behavior shows that they __________. A.are very patient in their observation B.are really fascinated by nature C.care only about the names of birds D.question the accuracy of the field guides
（3）Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A.The natural beauty isn't attractive to them. B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time. C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them. D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
（4）In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________. A.use our senses to feel the wonders of the world B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C.open our mind to new things and ideas D.try our best to protect nature 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）B （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者希望我们能够运用我们的感官和情感去全方位感受自然的美妙，去感受世界的美好。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.”唤醒感官的第一步是在它发生之前停止预测我们将要看到和感觉到的东西。可知，作者认为在事情发生前避免过早下结论。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a ‘ruby-crowned kinglet’ and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.”我看见观鸟者发现了一只鸟，立刻在田野向导里看了看，说：“一只红宝石王冠的小王”并结束了。他们不再注意这只鸟，也不观察它在干什么。可知，这些观鸟者只是匆匆记下这些鸟的名字，而没有观察它们在做什么。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them.”可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选 B。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“ Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk， no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations.”可知，作者希望我们能够运用我们的感官和情感去全方位感受自然的美妙，去感受世界。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
We all long for friendship, but how to make a friend? \"The best time to make a friend is before you need one.\" Joy Steven said. The following are some tips for you.
People equal friends
Friends usually begin with strangers. Getting in touch with other people is the first step to make a friend. Friends can't be made in empty air. Best friends take time to make. Friends understand friends
Friends understand each other when talking. Many unpleasant personal quarrels can be avoided if you will take the time to understand others' feelings and points of view. Friends touch friends
Touching is a warm from of communication between friends. When you see best friends communicating, you will notice them stand close together, touch each other comfortably and listen to each other. Sometimes a friendly touch is more powerful than words. Friends praise friends
Praise is a powerful tool to make a friend. Honest praise can affect (影响) your friends' lives. So try to praise your friends, including your general ones. Friends can loyal (忠诚的) and trustworthy
Trust and loyalty go hand in hand for friends. Friends can share secrets with you, because good friends never break confidence (信心) and are loyal forever. （1）From Joy Steven's words, we can conclude that ________
A. a friend in need is a friend indeed B. it is late to make a friend when you need one C. it is never too late to make a friend D. everyone needs a friend in his life
（2）To make and keep many friends, you need to do the following EXCEPT ___________. A. get in touch with people B. understand your friends C. praise your friends D. quarrel with your friends （3）The passage mainly tells us ______________.
A. how to communicate with a friend B. when to make a friend C. how to develop friendship D. how to praise a friend 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）C
【解析】【分析】短文大意：我们都渴望友谊，本文就如何交朋友和发展友谊给出了一些建议。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中The best time to make a friend is before you need one.可知交朋友的最好时机是你需要一个朋友之前，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Many unpleasant personal quarrels can be avoided if you will take the time to understand others’ feelings and points of view可知我们压迫避免和朋友争吵，故选D。
（3）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和下面的小标题可知，文章是在告诉我们怎样交朋友和发展友谊，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨大意题，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
3．阅读理解
We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. We are used to passive learning, and it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers. Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor.
Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn't show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.
That's what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen to improve on it, stamping(打上标记) it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.
This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts. （1）According to the passage, what situation may passive learning occur in? A. Doing a medical experiment B. Solving a math problem C. Visiting an exhibition D. Doing scientific reasoning （2）What does the underlined word \"it\" in Paragraph 2 refers to?
A. Active learning B. Knowledge C. Communication D. Passive learning （3）Why does the author mentions the game Rumor? A. To show that a message may be changed when being passed on. B. To show that a message should be delivered in different ways. C. To show that people may have problems with their sense of hearing. D. To show that people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor. （4）What can we infer from the passage?
A. Active learning is less important. B. Passive learning may not be reliable. C. Active learning occurs more frequently. D. Passive learning is not found among scholars. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要主要介绍了被动获得知识所存在的一个严重的问题——被告知的可能是谣言。并用现实生活中简单的事说明。
（1）推理判断题。由文章第二段we achieve knowledge passively by being told by some
else.Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of read newspaper or magazines is passive可知被动学习是通过别人告诉获取知识，而A做实验；B解决数学问题；D做科学推理都是主动学习，故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据it 所在句We are used to passive learning, and it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers可知这我们依赖的是前句所提的被动学习，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。通过第三段最后一句Typically, the original message has changed.可知人们传递信息到最后时，信息原始的意思已经改变了。和第二段最后一句话 It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor.它让我们更倾向于接受我们被告知的事物，有时候甚至是传闻或者谣言。可知文章想要告诉我们信息在传递的过程中发生了变化。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。A、C两个选项说的是主动学习，文中没有提到，D选项说被动学习在学者中不会出现，这和最后一段第一句 This process is also found among scholars and authors不符合，而根据第二段和第三段可知人们传递信息到最后时，信息的原始意思已经改变了，故得出被动学习不可靠，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推理判断题，需要联系上下文，推断出所需要的信息，也可以利用排除法，根据文章内容，排除错误选项。
4．阅读理解
There is a beautiful story I heard once about a child playing with a vase(花瓶) his mother had left on the table for a few moments. When the mother turned at the sound of her son crying, she saw that his hand was in the vase and was apparently stuck. She tried to help him and pulled and pulled until the child cried out in pain. But the hand was stuck fast. How would they get it out? The father suggested breaking the vase but it was quite valuable and the child's hand might be cut in the process. Yet he knew that if all else failed, there would be no other alternative. So he said to the boy, \"Now, let's make one more try. Open your hand and stretch your fingers out straight, like I'm doing, and then pull!\" \"But Dad,\" said the boy, \"if I do that, I'll lose my penny!\" The boy had had a coin in his hand all the time and was holding it securely in his tight little fist. And he wasn't prepared to open his hand and lose the penny. But once he opened his hand, it came out of the vase easily.
I used to hold on to things in my life that I thought were so important to me. Early in my marriage, all I cared about was becoming the best volleyball player in the state of Wisconsin. One year, when Kristi was working shifts at General Motors, I played in 1,400 games, competing four nights a week and 40 out of 52 weekends. My team won over 1,000 games. Success on the volleyball court, but a huge loss in my relationship with my Kristi.
When I finally let go, I looked back at what I had done and was ashamed. Not only did I show my wife she wasn't the most important thing to me, but I missed out on a lot of relationship building time. My life is so much richer now that I am not a slave to that drive to be the best player I could be.
（1）Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A. The Beautiful Vase in Your Life B. The Way of Keeping Balance in Life
C. My Dream of Becoming the Best Volleyball Player D. Holding On to What Is Important
（2）The author tells the story about the boy and the vase to show ______. A. how naughty a little boy can be
B. we need to drop the unimportant things in our life C. a little boy may do something silly D. money is not the most important for us
（3）Why did the boy get his hand stuck in the vase? A. He had a coin in his hand.
B. He didn't know how to stretch his fingers. C. He was afraid to break the vase. D. His hand was hurt inside the vase.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The author had his relationship with Kristi improved. B. The author didn't regret what he had done. C. The author still plays volleyball as much as before. D. Kristi left the author in the end. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由一个小男孩抓着硬币的手卡在花瓶里拿不出来这个故事引发了对生活的思考——要抓住生活中真正重要的东西，放开不重要的东西。
（1）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“I used to hold on to things in my life that I thought were so important to me.”可知，作者由一个小男孩抓着硬币的手卡在花瓶里拿不出来这个故事引发了对生活的思考——要抓住生活中真正重要的东西，放开不重要的东西，故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“But once he opened his hand, it came out of the vase easily.”可知，一旦他放下手中的硬币，他的手很容易就能从花瓶里拿出来；再根据第三段中的“I used to hold on to things in my life that I thought were so important to me.”可知，作者联想到自己曾经抓住自认为是重要的东西不放手，可知，作者用这个故事告诉我们需要放下生活中不重要的东西，故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The boy had had a coin in his hand all the time and was holding it securely in his tight little fist.”可知，男孩的手卡在花瓶里拿不出来是因为他手里攥着一个硬币，故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“My life is so much richer now that I am not a slave to that drive to be the best player I could be.”可知，现在作者的生活丰富多了，不再是那种想成
为最好球员的欲望的奴隶，他与妻子克里斯蒂之间的关系一定会有了改善，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
My mother has a dining table which sits right in the middle of her dining room. It was once buried beneath piles of papers—magazines, articles, copies of schedules for vacations she took back in the 1990s, and baby pictures of grand children who are now paying off their college loans. My brother Ross and I recently flew to New York to visit my mother. \"Mom, why don't we go through all that stuff?\" Ross said. \"No. Don't touch it!\" My mother said. The next afternoon, when she couldn't find a bill she needed, Ross suggested it might be put somewhere in the dining room and that we find it together. \"Besides,\" he said, \"all those papers are clearly stressing you out.\" However, my mother just said, \"Are you boys hungry?\" And then she seemed to have lost herself in deep thought.
On our last night there, my mother walked up to us with a small pile of unopened mails, which she had collected at the western edge of the dining table, and said, \"Help me go through these.\" \"Sure,\" I said. When we had succeeded in separating wheat from chaff (谷壳), I asked, \"Would you want to deal with another little pile of papers?\"
My mother led the way walking into the dining room the way an animal manager might be while entering a cage with tigers in it. Ross and I came in behind her and suddenly he reached for a pile of the papers on one side of the table. \"No!\" my mother said sharply. \"Let's start at the other end. That's where the older stuff is.\" Finally, we threw 95 percent of the stuff into paper shopping bags. Then I asked what she wanted us to do with them, she surprised us all by saying, \"Put them in the incinerator (垃圾焚化炉).\"
When I returned home, inspired by the visit to my mother, I sorted out my own accumulated(累积的) piles of papers, sold or gave away half of my possessions, and moved into a smaller house. It seems that my life has been cheaper and easier since then. And it proves that a small change does make a big difference.
（1）What did the mother ask her children to do with these unopened mails? A. To burn them. B. To read them for her.
C. To collect them together. D. To pick out the important ones among them. （2）When the mother walked into the dining room, she was________. A. angry B. afraid C. impatient D. careful （3）What's the author's attitude towards his mother's cleaning up the dining table? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Uncertain. D. Unknown. （4）What might be the best title of the passage? A. The precious mail B. A visit to my mother C. A happy family reunion D. The lesson of the dining table 【答案】 （1）D （2）D
（3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者和哥哥在看望母亲期间帮助母亲清理餐桌上的资料（一向被她视为宝贝），只留下了极少的重要东西，烧掉了大部分无用的东西。受母亲清理餐桌的启示，作者回到家之后也对自己的东西进行归类清理，自此作者觉得生活更加简易了。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“help me go through these …When we had succeeded in separating wheat from chaff”从麦壳中分离出麦子即：挑出有用的，扔掉无用的，可知，母亲要求孩子们查看邮件并从这些邮件中挑出重要的邮件。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“My mother led the way , walking into the dining room the way an animal manager might be while entering a cage with tigers in it”可知，母亲就像动物管理员走进老虎笼中一样，那么谨慎的进入餐厅。故选D。
（3）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“When I returned home , inspired by the visit to my mother , I sorted out my own accumulated piles of papers , sold or gave away half of my possessions…”可知，作者受母亲清理餐桌行为动作的影响，回家之后也对自己的物品进行了归类清理。故可知，作者的态度是积极的。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意全文以餐桌清理为主线，讲述了在我们的生活中要把无用之物抛弃，以使我们生活更加简易，尤其是最后一段中的“And it proves that a small change does make a big difference可知，D项（有关餐桌的一课）可作本文的标题。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
Do you often feel that you aren't taking in as much of the joy around you as you could? I recently caught myself feeling this way, and based on a suggestion by John Horton, coauthor (合著者) of The Inner Game of Stress, I put myself on a 30-day life-appreciation course. The only assignment each day was to go outside and appreciate life.
So I started by taking in the beauty around me. During the first few days, I was able to appreciate my surroundings, although it was an intellectual appreciation, not an emotional one. After the first week, it was more uncomfortable to lie in bed and think about things than it was to get up and see them for myself.
If you often wake up feeling anxious or depressed, or if you don't look forward to each day, then you need to try this course for yourself.
It's an inner workout that you can do anywhere. It may not change your life, but it will adjust your attitude, and that's pretty helpful in this crazy world.
I have always believed in ending the day on a positive note by writing a word or two in a gratitude journal and saying something sweet to my wife about the day we shared.
Now, I have a new morning habit. It hasn't changed my routine one bit, but it has changed the way I look at the world.
Creating a new habit isn't about perfection – it's about getting what you want by creating a change in your behavior and thinking.
So now, while I'm making my coffee in the morning, I'm also appreciating what I have. It's quick, fulfilling, and a much better way to start my day than looking at my phone or computer.
And because of this, my attitude is better, as I've already begun my morning on a positive note rather than a problematic one.
The idea here is that if you can appreciate your life, it actually changes the way you feel about it.
Appreciation will give you more energy to live the way you would like to live.
As a means of improving our mood, it's highly underrated (被低估的). The easy task of appreciating what we have simply makes life better.
（1）How did the author feel about seeing things for himself after he started the life-appreciation course?
A. Comfortable. B. Doubtful. C. Anxious. D. Depressed. （2）What does the author think of his new morning habit?
A. It has changed his daily routine. B. It has increased his desire for perfection. C. It has improved his physical health. D. It has changed his way of viewing the world. （3）Which of the following might the author disagree to? A. Enjoying the beautiful surroundings of your neighborhood. B. Appreciating a cup of coffee in the morning. C. Amusing yourself with your phone to start your day. D. Seeing things from a different angle.
（4）What's the author's main purpose in writing this article? A. To recommend a life-appreciation course to readers. B. To explain why appreciation is often underrated. C. To encourage readers to be grateful for life. D. To advise all the readers to change their lifestyle. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）C （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己参加\"感激生活\"课程后生活发生的变化，以此来鼓励读者感激生活。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的\"After the first week, it was more uncomfortable to lie in bed and think about things than it was to get up and see them for myself.\"可知，一周后，躺在床上想事情比去外面看事情更不舒服，由此可知，参加\"感激生活\"课程后，作者认为自己出去看事情是舒服的，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第七段中的\"Now, I have a new morning habit. It hasn't changed my routine one bit, but it has changed the way I look at the world.\"可知，作者认为他的新习惯改变了他看世界的方式，故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第五段中的\"It's quick, fulfilling, and a much better way to start my day than looking at my phone or computer.\"可知，作者认为感激生活是比电话或电脑更好的开启一天的方式，由此可知，作者不同意以玩手机娱乐的方式开启新的一天，故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，作者讲述了自己参加\"感激生活\"课程后生活发生的变化，由此可知作者写这篇文章就是鼓励读者对生活充满感激，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals for two elderly women in my community. Both had died \"full of years\as the Bible would say. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence(吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
At the first home, the son of the deceased(过世的)woman said to me, \"If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died.\" At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, \"If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead.\" You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course—keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to his tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.
（1）What is said about the two deceased elderly women? A.They lived out a natural life.
B.They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride. C.They weren't used to the change in weather. D.They died due to lack of care by family members.
（2）The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because . A.he wanted to comfort the two families B.he was an official from the community C.he had great pity for the deceased D.he was minister of the local church
（3）People feel guilty for the death of their loved ones because . A.they found the funerals unsatisfactory B.they believed that they were responsible C.they had ignored the natural course of events
D.they didn't know things often turn in the opposite direction
（4）People have been made to believe since babyhood that . A.everybody should try to meet others' needs B.life and death is an unsolved mystery C.every story should have a happy ending
D.their wishes are the cause of everything that happens 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过两个已故夫人的儿子自责的话语，引出并分析了人们产生负罪感的两个因素。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Both had died‘full of years’, as the Bible would say.”正如《圣经》所说，两人都已“老死”。可知，这两个老妇人是正常、自然死亡的。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“as the Bible would say”正如《圣经》所说；以及“One January, I had to hold two funerals for two elderly women in my community.”一月的一天，我要为我们社区的两位老妇人举行两场葬礼。可知，作者信仰《圣经》并主持葬礼，由此推出作者的身份应为牧师。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course—keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out better.”因为他们采取的行动结果是糟糕的，他们认为相反的做法——让母亲呆在家里，推迟手术——结果会更好。可知，他们认为如果自己选择相反的做法，母亲就不回去世了，认为自己有责任。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it.”一个婴儿开始认为世界的存在是为了满足他的需要，他让一切都发生在世界上。可知，人们从婴儿时期就意识到是他们的愿望是世界上一切发生的原因。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
Debates over the benefits of recycling started in 1996 when a writer called John Tierney said \"recycling is garbage\". According to him, \"Recycling programs offer mainly short-term benefits to a few related groups while diverting money from real social and environmental problems. It doubles energy consumption and pollution while costing taxpayers more money than dealing with old garbage. Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America.\"
Environmental groups were quick to respond to Tierney by issuing reports detailing the benefits of recycling and showing how municipal (市政的) recycling programs reduce pollution and the use of resources while decreasing the amount of garbage and the need for landfill space — all for less, not more, than the cost of regular garbage collection and disposal(处置). But in 2002, New York City, an early municipal recycling pioneer, found that its much-praised recycling program was losing money, so it eliminated glass and plastic recycling. According to the Mayor, the benefits of recycling plastic and glass were outweighed by the price—-recycling cost twice as much as disposal. Meanwhile, low demand for the materials meant that much of it was ending up in landfills anyway. NYC closed its last landfill and brought in a more efficient system, with more famous service providers than it had used previously.
The lessons learned by New York are applicable everywhere. Some early recycling programs waste resources and lead to new trash. But the situation has improved as cities have gained experience. If managed correctly, recycling programs should cost cities and taxpayers less than garbage disposal for any given amount of material. Even though the benefits of recycling over disposal are various, individuals should keep in mind that it better serves the environment to reduce and reuse materials before recycling even becomes an option. （1）John Tierney thought that recycling ___________. A.is a waste of money B.leads to a lack of employers C.is beneficial to the environment D.will become popular in the future
（2）What's the meaning of the underlined word \"eliminated\" in Paragraph 3? A.Required. B.Forgot. C.Encouraged. D.Cancelled.
（3）What does the last paragraph imply? A.We should make recycling an option. B.Public recycling programs are in a bad situation. C.We should develop the awareness of resource saving. D.Cost-saving should be considered first in recycling work. （4）What can be the best title for this passage? A.The harm of recycling B.Is recycling really beneficial? C.The recycling work in New York City D.Is environmental protection making progress?
【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，自从1996年作家John Tierney说“回收是垃圾”时，关于垃圾回收的好处的讨论就没有停止过。有人认为回收是现代美国最浪费的活动，而一些环境小组还详细列出了回收的好处，但是一些早期的回收项目也渐渐暴露出了问题。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America.”回收可能是现代美国最浪费的一项活动，可知，他认为回收是浪费钱的。故选A。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“According to the Mayor, the benefits of recycling plastic and glass were outweighed by the price—-recycling cost twice as much as disposal.”根据市长所言，回收塑料和玻璃在价格方面超标了---回收的费用是处理费用的两倍，可推知，纽约取消了回收塑料和玻璃。所以根据上下文的语境可以判断出，划线词的意思为“取消”。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Even though the benefits of recycling over disposal are various, individuals should keep in mind that it better serves the environment to reduce and reuse materials before recycling even becomes an option.”尽管回收比处理的好处有很多，大家应该记住，在回收成为一个选择之前，减少垃圾和反复利用物品对环境是更有利的。，可推知，作者是想提醒大家要有资源节约的意识。故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Debates over the benefits of recycling started in 1996 when a writer called John Tierney said ‘recycling is garbage’.”自从1996年作家John Tierney说“回收是垃圾”时，关于垃圾回收的好处的讨论就开始了。可知，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Half a Day
I walked alongside my father, holding his right hand. All my clothes were new: the black shoes, the green school uniform, and the red cap. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. \"Why school?\" I asked my father. \"What have I done?\"
\"I'm not punishing you,\" he said, laughing. \"School's not a punishment. It's a place that makes useful men out of boys. Don't you want to be useful like your brothers?\"
I was not convinced. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building.
When we arrived at the gate we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls. \"Go in by you,\" said my father, \"and join them. Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others.\"
I hesitated and squeezed his hand firmly, but he gently pushed me from him. \"Be a man\said. \"Today you truly begin life. You will find me waiting for you when it's time to leave.\" I took a few steps. Then the faces of the boys and girls came into view. I did not know a single one of them, and none of them knew me. I felt I was a stranger who had lost his way. But then some boys began to glance at me in curiosity, and one of them came over and asked, \"Who brought you?\"
\"My father,\" I whispered. \"My father's dead,\" he said simply.
I did not know what to say. The gate was now closed. Some of the children burst into tears. The bell rang. A lady came along and said, \"This is your new home. There are mothers and fathers here, too. Everything that is enjoyable and beneficial is here. So dry your tears and face life joyfully.\"
Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. From the first moments I made many friends. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences. （1）On the way to school, the boy felt .
A. happy B. embarrassed C. upset D. excited （2）About schooling, Father suggested .
A. wearing a smile B. tearing himself away from games C. waiting for parents D. throwing himself to studying （3） helped him most on the first day at school.
A. Teachers and classmates B. Courtyards and buildings C. Father and brother D. New uniforms and shoes （4）What would probably happen next? A. The school life would turn out to be a failure. B. Boys in the school would watch him curiously. C. He would open up a new journey of colorful life. D. His parents would accompany him at the school. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）A （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者第一天去学校的时候并不开心，但是等他到了学校之后，他结交了很多朋友，开始了新的生活。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time.”可知穿新衣服并没有让作者开心，因为他要第一次被扔进学校了；再根据第四段中的“I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building.”可知作者不相信将他从家中撕裂并被扔进这座巨大的高墙建筑（也就是学校）中真的有什么好处。综合可知作者认为去学校不好，去学校的路上是不开心的，沮丧的，故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的\"Go in by you, \" said my father, \"and join them. Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others. \"可知作者的父亲对他说：\"进去吧，加入
他们的行列。面带微笑，成为他人的好榜样。\"也就是作者的父亲让他面带微笑，故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“A lady came along and said, \"This is your new home. …and face life joyfully. ”；以及最后一段中的\"Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. From the first moments I made many friends.“可知老师过来对作者他们说了一番话，作者听了这番话之后觉得之前自己的顾虑是毫无根据的，打消了顾虑。他一开始就交到了很多朋友。这说明老师帮助作者在学校的第一天过得很好，他的同学也和他成为了朋友。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”From the first moments I made many friends. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences.“可知从一开始我就结交了很多朋友。我从未想象过学校会有如此丰富的经历。由此推断之后作者会在学校开始新的生活，会有丰富的经历，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
It's the lunch break at Shanghai Xinhua Middle School. No mobile phones can be heard ring anywhere. The common sight of crowds of children chatting on their phones or sending short messages has disappeared.
A grade-2 student said, \"I couldn't concentrate (集中精力) during classes. if the cellphone was with me, I couldn't help checking if there were messages or missed phone calls. I even played games on the phone sometimes.\"
The school leaders say they feel the ban is necessary to keep order in class. They even gave out an open letter to remind parents not to let their children bring mobile phones to school. More than 96 percent of parents say they welcome the school decision. The school is also being flexible (灵活的) in carrying out the plan .Those students who live far from school are allowed to bring mobile phones to contact their parents. But they still have to switch them off in classrooms. Medical experts have also welcomed the school decision. They say too much dependence on mobile phones can cause many psychological problems in teenage students. （1）What can we learn from paragraph1?
A.Shanghai Xianxia Middle School is very crowded during lunchtime breaks. B.No mobile phones can be heard any time at Shanghai Xianxia Middle School. C.All the children with mobile phones usually disappear during lunchtime breaks. D.Lots of students used to be busy using their mobile phones during lunchtime breaks. （2）The grade-2 student thinks that______. A.the mobile phones should be on during class B.it is good to play cellphone games sometimes C.the mobile phone is helpful to her studies D.it is no good using the cellphone at school
（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.All parents welcome the school decision.
B.Some students can bring mobile phones to school. C.Medical experts are against the school decision. D.No one is allowed to bring a mobile phone school. （4）The passage mainly tells us______. A.the mobile phone is a big trouble to teenage students B.the use of the mobile phone can cause mental problem C.about a ban on the mobile phone in a middle school D.a story happening at Shanghai Xinhua Middle School 【答案】 （1）D （2）D （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，上海新华中学禁止学生带手机到学校，这一禁令收到了学生、家长和专家的一致欢迎。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The common sight of crowds of children chatting on their phones or sending short messages has disappeared.”以前常见的一群学生在手机上聊天、发信息的现象逐渐消失了，可知，以前，午饭时间，常常有很多学生忙着使用手机。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I couldn't concentrate(集中精力) during classes. if the cellphone was with me, I couldn't help checking if there were messages or missed phone calls. I even played games on the phone sometimes.”我在课堂上无法集中注意力。如果我带着手机，我会情不自禁的去查看有没有信息或者未接电话。有时我在手机上玩游戏，可知，这名学生认为在学校使用手机时没有什么好处的。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The school is also being flexible(灵活的) in carrying out the plan .Those students who live far from school are allowed to bring mobile phones to contact their parents.”学校在执行这一计划时也是灵活的。那些住的离学校远的学生也可以带手机来学校，以便联系父母，可知，一些学生是可以将手机带到学校的。故选B。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段通过午饭时间的现象进出学校禁止带手机这一规定，第二段、第三段、第四段分别讲述了学生、家长及一些专家对这一规定的看法。所以整篇文章是围绕上海新华中学这一禁令展开的。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
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