考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷89(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷89 (题后含答案及解析)

全部题型 2. Reading Comprehension

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

No matter how large or notable the U.S. travel industry is or may become, it will always be a member of a broader world society. The charge facing all of us is to appropriately engage poverty. Poverty is certainly not new but the means at our disposal to address poverty are improving by the day. Fortunately, the $3.3 trillion world travel industry is uniquely suited to address poverty in regions where it is most entrenched. In the course of making a case for harnessing travel and tourism for poverty reduction, the travel and tourism industry already exists in every region of the globe and is a proven job producer and sustainer of native culture. That travel and tourism creates good jobs is indisputable. In the U.S., the Industrial Age economy is in transition to a service economy, and travel and tourism is responsible for one in every seven workers in the U.S. civilian workforce, directly or indirectly. But by no means is this phenomenon limited to the U.S. The World Travel and Tourism Council reports tourism employs almost 200 million people worldwide—1 in every 13 jobs worldwide today. There are many important differences between building an industrial based economy and one that relies largely on tourism. One of the historical barriers to industrialization has been a shortage of capital to build an industrial infrastructure or a lack of industrial-specific facilities such as deep-water ports. But we don’t need to build factories for tourism. Nor do we need the traditional resources of the Industrial Age to build new tourism economies. The essential raw materials for our industry include rich cultures, unique natural environments and willing hosts. And those raw materials exist already in abundance in every nation. Only travel brings us face to face with people from different cities, different nations, and different outlooks. CNN can take us on a virtual world tour. We can be touched by images we see in the media but it is only when we shake hands with people from other nations and other cultures that we learn how things really are. And despite the many wonders of technology, we only truly touch one another when we travel and embrace one another’s culture, stature, and dreams.

1． From the first paragraph we learn that the travel industry______. A．is going to give money to aid poverty B．has improved its revenue

C．is financially healthier than ever

D．is better able to help reduce poverty than ever

正确答案：D 解析：属事实细节题。第一段三、四句指出：我们解决贫困的手段日渐提高。利用3．3万亿美元的世界旅游业解决最严重贫困地区的贫穷问题再合适不过了。可见旅游业能比以往更好地扶贫了。 知识模块：阅读

2． The reason tourism benefits a country even more than traditional industries is that it______.

A．has more of a cultural benefit

B．has more potential to lead to other industries C．requires much less capital

D．uses less resources which harm the environment

正确答案：C

解析：属信息归纳题。第三段把传统经济和旅游经济进行对比，说明两者的重大的区别之一在于，后者不需要太多资金。 知识模块：阅读

3． By saying “... those raw materials exist already in abundance in every nation”, the author is referring to______.

A．people, the environment and culture

B．the capital used to build the tourism industry C．the environmental resources to build up tourism D．hosts and staff to welcome visitors

正确答案：A

解析：属指代关系题。在第三段末句，“这些原材料”明显指代上文刚提到的“丰富的文化、独特的自然环境和好客的主人”。 知识模块：阅读

4． Why does the author assert that only through travel we “truly touch one another”?

A．He wants to emphasize tourism’s powerful effect on combating social problems.

B．He believes tourism makes it possible for people to help one another. C．He believes travel is the only way cultures can learn about each other. D．He thinks that sincere learning of a culture is only possible by travel.

正确答案：D

解析：属信息推断题。作者在文章结尾讲到：“只有当我们去旅游，去接受彼此的文化、成就和梦想时，我们才能真正相互接触。”可以断定，作者之所以认为通过旅游我们才能真正相互接触是因为他认为只有旅游，只有亲身经历，才能真正地学到一种文化。 知识模块：阅读

5． From the text we can infer that the author writes this text to______. A．argue that travel is an important industry

B．encourage people in the tourism industry to do more for poverty C．point out that the travel industry has social, cultural as well as economic value D．show travel industry’s important role in nation building

正确答案：C

解析：属主旨思想题。文章介绍旅游业三方面的价值，包括社会、经济和文化。 知识模块：阅读

Very soon, unimaginably powerful technologies will remake our lives. This could have dangerous consequences, especially because we may not even understand the basic science underlying them. There’s a growing gap between our technological capability and our underlying scientific understanding. We can do very clever things with the technology of the future without necessarily understanding some of the science underneath, and that is very dangerous. The technologies that are particularly dangerous over the next hundred years are nanotechnology, artificial intelligence and biotechnology. The benefits they will bring are beyond doubt but they are potentially very dangerous. In the field of artificial intelligence there are prototype designs for something that might be 50,000 million times smarter than the human brain by the year 2010. The only thing not feasible in the film Terminator is that the people win. If you’re fighting against technology that is that much smarter than you, you probably will not win. We’ve all heard of the grey goo problem that self-replicating nanotech devices might keep on replicating until the world has been reduced to sticky goo, and certainly in biotechnology, we’ve really got a big problem because it’s converging with nanotechnology. Once you start mixing nanotech with organisms and you start feeding nanotech-enabled bacteria, we can go much further than the Borg in Star Trek, and those superhuman organisms might not like us very much. We are in a world now where science and commerce are increasingly bedfellows. The development of technology is happening in the context of global free trade regimes which see technological diffusion embedded with commerce as intrinsically a good. We should prepare for new and unfamiliar forms of argument around emerging technologies.

6． From the text, we know that the author’s greatest worry is______. A．our lack of technological understanding of the process involved B．our lack of technological capability

C．creating technology without really understanding the issues

D．our refusal to face the consequences of the technology we create

正确答案：C

解析：属信息归纳题。在第一段，作者先后指出：“无比强大的科技很快就将完全改变我们的生活。这可能会产生危险的后果，尤其是因为我们可能不懂这

些科技背后的基本科学”；“我们借助于未来科技可以从事非常巧妙的事情，而不必理解基本的科学，这是很危险的。”可见，作者的最大担心是在创造技术的同时没有真正弄懂其背后的科学。 知识模块：阅读

7． It can be inferred from the text that the author______. A．thinks people overestimate the capabilities of technology

B．is not optimistic that artificial intelligence will always be used positively C．thinks that we should take science fiction movies more seriously

D．believes artificial intelligence is the greatest threat we face technologically

正确答案：B 解析：属态度推断题。第二段作者提到它们带来的好处不容置疑但也存在很大的潜在危险，之后，具体分析探讨人工智能、纳米技术和生物技术的潜在危险。可见，作者对人工智能的积极应用并不乐观。 知识模块：阅读

8． Why does the author say it is not feasible in the film Terminator that the humans win?

A．Because the power of the technology was exaggerated.

B．Because the strength of the machines would be much greater. C．Because machines with that much intelligence would not allow it.

D．Because even heroic humans would achieve nothing from such a battle.

正确答案：C

解析：属逻辑关系题。在第二段作者指出：“电影《终结者》中惟一不可能实现的是人类会胜出。假如你在和比自己聪明得多的技术对抗，你可能不会取胜。”这两句话的关系是前果后因。即C项，机器的智力水平，而不是B项(机器的力量，阻止人类获胜)。 知识模块：阅读

9． The mixing of nanotech with organisms may______. A．produce dangerous viruses capable of killing many people B．produce creatures that are unfriendly to humans C．upset our balance of nature D．reduce the world to sticky glue

正确答案：B 解析：属事实细节题。第二段末句谈到纳米技术与有机体相结合可能产生对人类不太友好的生物。 知识模块：阅读

10． The author’s attitude toward the emerging technologies is______. A．critical B．skeptical C．provocative D．indifferent

正确答案：B

解析：属态度推断题。作者在第二段开头指出：“未来一百年中特别危险的技术是纳米技术、人工智能和生物技术。它们带来的好处不容置疑，但它们潜在的危险很大。”可见，作者对新兴技术持怀疑态度。 知识模块：阅读

The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rime, and pitch as major devices; to these the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been read or chanted to a harpist’s accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode, is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours. The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be “Gerontion”, or “Hound Dog”, our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same. The most important prerequisite for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer should be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these are the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poem’s vision—on pain of writing only the derivative or the trivial. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile compliance to popular taste.

11． According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music______. A．is a debatable topic

B．can be made but in a limited way C．is indisputable if you analyse history D．needs to be acknowledged more by poets

正确答案：C 解析：属事实细节题。作者在第一段指出，诗歌与音乐自古就密不可分。 知识模块：阅读

12． The author cites Beowulf in order to show that______. A．the distance between song and poetry is not so great B．a song like Beowulf can sound like a poem C．English poetry is highly connected to songs

D．songs generally evolve into poetry over time

正确答案：C

解析：属逻辑关系题。第一段从历史角度说明诗歌与音乐密切相关，其中，举《贝奥武夫》为例一定是为了本段主题，说明英国诗歌与歌曲联系紧密。 知识模块：阅读

13． Which of the following statements is true, according to the text? A．The lyrics of a song are no different from the lyrics of poetry. B．Song lyrics and poetry must be treated analytically as the same.

C．The differences between poetry and song lyrics have been overstated. D．It is the time not the aesthetics that is different in most poems and song lyrics.

正确答案：B

解析：属事实细节题。从第二段可以知道，诗歌与歌曲的歌词实质上是一回事。 知识模块：阅读

14． A poem or a song can be significant when______. A．it is done by a faithful writer

B．the writer has a personal vision of the poem or song

C．it is written within the vision of the poem, song, poet or songwriter D．the writer is willing to go outside of the vision

正确答案：C

解析：属事实细节题。第三段开头写道：“意义深长的诗歌和流行歌曲的歌词二者最为重要的前提是，作者忠实于自己的个人眼界或者所写诗歌的眼界。” 知识模块：阅读

15． In the text, the author focuses on______.

A．the shared, most important evaluation criteria in songwriting and poetry B．the various ways songs and poems are similar

C．the difference between good poetry and songs and mediocre ones D．how to evaluate a poem and a song’s value from a lyrical standpoint

正确答案：A

解析：属主旨思想题。本文说明诗歌和音乐的密切关系，主要涉及二者共同的重要评价标准。 知识模块：阅读

Doctors are researching the health benefits of red wine, specifically the apparently wondrous powers of resveratrol, a polyphenol that is found in the skin of grapes and is thought to prevent illness and promote longevity. This wasn’t the first time “60 Minutes” trumpeting the virtues of red wine; in 1991, it called attention to the so-called French Paradox, which assumed that the low rate of heart disease in France, despite a national diet gloriously abundant in rich foods, was due to the

country’s huge consumption of red wine. That report fanned an obsessive interest in the nutritional and therapeutic properties of wine. This seems to be a particularly American fixation, and it raises an intriguing question: Why are we—Americans—so anxious to find justifications for drinking wine beyond the fact that it tastes good and we like it? Obviously, scientists aren’t investigating wine’s physiological impact because they are camouflage for the wine industry and want to encourage Americans to drink; the research is being pursued and the results disseminated because it appears that there really is a link between red wine and well-being. It is now widely recognized that moderate red wine consumption—generally defined as one or two 5-ounce glasses a day for women and two or three for men, drunk with food—increases HDL cholesterol, the “good” cholesterol that removes fatty deposits from arteries. In addition, scientists have determined that the flavonoids in red wine have an anticoagulant effect that can help prevent blood clots leading to heart attacks. Resveratrol is also said to have a role in preventing clots and is believed to inhibit the production of LDL cholesterol—the bad kind. Resveratrol seems to be the omnipotent ingredient in red wine— a “vascular pipe-cleaner,” as Dr. Christoph Westphal and Harvard biochemist David Sinclair put it, whose research suggests that resveratrol can delay the aging process and prevent many gerontological diseases. A few years ago, scientists reported that resveratrol may discourage the onset of one such illness, Alzheimer’s. It is also claimed that this antioxidant can boost stamina, reduce lung inflammation stemming from chronic pulmonary disease, and help prevent cancer. In the fall of 2008, University of Pittsburgh scientists even reported that resveratrol might offer some protection against radiation poisoning.

16． By mentioning the French Paradox, the author intends to______.

A．prove the polyphenol in red wine can prevent illness and promote longevity B．demonstrate a program has paid attention to the value of red wine long before C．state Americans have an obsessive interest in red wine’s benefit D．explain the reason for Americans’ fixation for red wine’s function

正确答案：B

解析：属信息推断题。选项A属于无关干扰，利用原文第一句关键词捏造信息，从文中无法推知，故错误。选项C和D均犯了答非所问的错误，两个选项中的内容确实符合原文，但并非作者提到这个报告的意图，故错误。作者的真正意图可在第二句中找到答案，作者表示《60分钟》这个栏目已经不是第一次宣传红酒的价值了，因此可知选项B符合题意。 知识模块：阅读

17． The underlined word in Paragraph 2 refers to______. A．experts B．faking C．influence D．researching

正确答案：B

解析：属词义推断题。单词所在句提到：科学家们不是在研究红酒的生理影响，他们为了让美国人多喝红酒，是在为红酒产业…。因此可知，他们不是真正地在做研究，而是为红酒产业假装做研究，目的就是为了让美国人多喝、多购买红酒，故选项B符合题意。选项A(专家)、选项C(影响)、选项D(研究)均不符合题意。 知识模块：阅读

18． We can learn from Paragraph 2 that______.

A．there’s no obvious connection between red wine and people’s health B．drinking 15-ounces red wine can do good to women’s health C．a cholesterol in red wine can form fatty deposits in arteries D．an ingredient in red wine may prevent heart attack

正确答案：D

解析：属信息推断题。选项A属于曲解文意，文章第二段第一句后半句提到，红酒与人的健康间确实存在联系，故选项A错误。选项B犯了偷梁换柱的错误，第二段第二句中提到适量饮酒对女性而言是每天1．2杯(5盎司的玻璃杯)，男性为2—3杯，因此每天15盎司应属于男性的合理范围，而非女性，故错误。选项C属于反向干扰，文章提到红酒中含有一种有益处的胆固醇可以清除脂肪沉积物，故选项C错误。第二段最后一句提到红酒中的一种成分(flavonoid)可以预防导致心脏病发作的血栓，因此有可能预防心脏病，故选项D正确。 知识模块：阅读

19． According to the passage, which of the following statement about “resveratrol” is WRONG?

A．It is believed to have the effect of disease prevention. B．It can work as an artery cleaner.

C．It can get rid of abundant fat in rich foods.

D．It can decrease lung-disease-caused inflammation.

正确答案：C

解析：属事实细节题。选项A出现在第一段第一句中，人们认为白藜芦醇能预防疾病，使人长寿，故选项A不符合题意。选项B出现在第三段第二句，两位科学家提到白藜芦醇就好像是血管清洁工，故选项B不符合题意。选项D出现在第三段第四句，白藜芦醇可以减少长期肺病引起的肺部感染，故选项D不符合题意。选项C犯了移花接木的错误，将第一段中提到的法国人的饮食习惯拼凑起来，故选项C符合题意。 知识模块：阅读

20． Which of the following is one of the author’s points of view? A．Resveratrol can protect people from radiation poisoning.

B．Resveratrol can postpone aging process and prevent aging-related diseases. C．Americans are particularly fascinated about the value of red wine. D．The low rate of heart disease in France is owing to drinking red wine.

正确答案：C

解析：属信息归纳题。选项A出现在文章最后一句，此观点是匹兹堡大学的科学家们提出的，并非作者观点，故错误。选项B出现在第三段第二句，是两位科学家的研究结果，也非作者观点，故错误。选线D出现在第一段，这个报告是《60分钟》栏目呼吁人们关注的，而作者并未对此观点做出评价，故错误。文章第一段第四句提到这种痴迷是美国人特有的，故选项C符合题意。 知识模块：阅读