定语从句
在复合句中，用于修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词称为先行词。
1. This is the teacher who often tells jokes. （限定性定语从句，不可缺少）
2. Those who want to go to the Great wall sign up here. （限定性定语从句，不可缺少）3. Water, which is a liquid, has many uses. (非限定性定语从句，附加补充说明That 和which一般可以通用，两者都可用于指代物。
The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away. 下列情况下，只能用
that而不用which
)
1,先行词既有人又有物时，
He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. The bike and its rider
that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.
等不定代词时，
2,先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none We haven’t got much that that we can offer you.
I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised.
3,先行词有the very, the only, the same, any, few, little, no, all, one of 等词修饰时，This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 4,先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，This is the third time that they have met.
Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across. 5,有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用
which，另一个用that
Edison built up a factory which producedthings that had never been seen before. 下列情况下，只能用
which而不用that
is very fresh.
.
引导非限定性定语从句时，
The fish, which I bought this morning,关系代词前有介词时，
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
I was put into a position in which I had to accept I was less important. 其他关系代(副)词：
Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas.
We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children.
Xi’an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city walls. The hotel where we stayed was very clean. / This is the house where I was born. The reason why (that/for which) she was late was that she missed her plane. 关系代词或关系副词的选用，
看先行词是否充当宾语
。
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office
This is the college (that/which) I visited.
This is the college where I studied three years ago.
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I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together. I’ll never forget the day when I got married. 定语从句和同位语从句的区别，根据that在句中担任句子成分来判定，不作成分。
The news that you told me last week is not true. The news that the leader will come here注意：同位语从句中
is not true.
that在句中充当宾语that在句中不充当成分
←定语从句←同位语从句
that在定语从句中担任句子成分，而在同位语从句中
that前的名词必须是表示事实的抽象名词，如fact，news，information，
order，belief，reply，answer，saying等，而定语从句没有这个限制。as 引导的定语从句
We have found such materials as are used in their factoryThe result is not the same as they had expected. as 的某些固定用法，as we know 正如我们所知as is often the case 像通常那样as is reported 正如报道的那样as is usual 像往常一样
.
(Such … as …)
(The same … as…)
其他从句：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句——主语从句It is certain that he will come.
表语从句My idea is that we’ll all go except Lily. 宾语从句He asked me whether/if she lived here. 同位语从句I’ve no idea where he has gone.
名词性从句
That she was beautiful was plain to everyone. 主语从句
It was plain to everyone that she was beautiful. 真正主语（主语从句）Whether he’ll come (or not) hasn’t been decided. 主语从句
It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not. 真正主语（主语从句）Which answer is right
isn’t known to us.
When we’ll start is not clear.
How a book will sell depends much on the reviewer. Why he went to London
is a mystery.
. 表语从句
This is why they decided to hold a meeting
I was told that I had to cut out alcohol.宾语从句
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Joe wanted to know who bought him the gift.
The rumor that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread all over the area. 同位语从句His question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer. The idea that we invited him yesterday
is quite good.
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