高中英语竞赛各类题材的写作技巧

历年试题有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文,材料提供的方式有文字提示、表格提示以及图片提示等。下面就不同体裁的作文的写作分别作一简介。 记叙文

记叙文是对人物活动、经历或事情经过等情况,按一定顺序叙述的一种文体。有记事、写人和景物描写等。 记叙文写作的注意事项:

1.主题要明确,内容要充实。文中的故事要有头有尾,要有高潮。 2.记叙文可围绕6W(who,what,when,where,why,how)展开。

3.主次分明,详略得当。叙述时,主题要鲜明,要善于抓住典型事例。

[例题1] 请根据所给的图画内容,以“All for Money”为题写一篇短文,叙述你的一段经历,并谈谈你的感受。 参考词汇:mug水杯;attendant服务员;soda water汽水;make money赚钱;announcer广播员 参考范文:

One day,I was going to travel by train.After I got on the train,I put tea into my mug and waited for the attendant to pour water.Then from the loud speaker came the announ-cer's voice,“All passengers,may I have your attention,please? We are sorry to tell you that no hot water is supplied in our train.\" I was surprised at this. After a while, an attendant came with a cart,shouting,“Soda water,8 yuan a bottle!\" I was so thirsty that I had to buy it, but I felt uncomfortable. At any rate,the train should supply hot water. The attendant should not make money from the passengers.(113 words) 说明文

说明文是对人或事物的特征、性质、状态以及功能,或是对事情的发生、发展、结果等进行解释、介绍、阐述的一种文体。如商品介绍,旅游指南,工作总结,实验报告,知识介绍等均属说明文之列。 说明文写作时应注意: 1.限制要说明的事物和范围;

2.可适当举例加以说明,以增加说服力;

3.说明文的结构可遵循引子、正文、结束语的模式。

[例题2] 香港是我们伟大祖国的一部分,现已回归祖国。为庆祝香港回归四周年,

你校英语组特举办一期介绍香港各方面情况的黑板报,由你执笔起草首篇--香港简介。内容要点如下: 1. 地理位置:位于深圳的南边;

2.人口约600万,面积1000余平方公里;

3. 交通:有现代化的港口、香港新国际机场、新修建的京九铁路把香港和祖国首都北京连接起来;

4. 历史:自古以来就是中国的领土,150多年前,英国殖民者(colonialist)占领了香港,直到1997年7月1日才回归。每一个中国人都为此感到自豪。 参考范文:

Hong Kong lies to the south of Shenzhen.It has a population of 6 million and an area of more than 1,000 square kilometers.It has not only a modern seaport but also the newly-built Hong Kong International Airport.What's more,the newly-built railway from Beijing to Jiulong connects Hong Kong with the capital of our country.

Since long,long ago,Hong Kong has been a part of China.But more than 150 years ago,the English colonialists took Hong Kong by force.

To our great delight,Hong Kong returned to China on July 1,1997.Being a Chinese,we feel very proud of our great country.(108 words) 议论文

议论文又叫说理文,它是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非,以确定其观点的正确或错误,树立或否定某种主张。议论文应该做到:观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、思维严密。 议论文写作的注意事项:

1.把握好议论文的三要素,即:论点、论据和论证。论点要明确,论据要充分,论证要严密。

2.选用合适的论证方法。常用的论证方法有:归纳法(从分析典型,即分析个别事物人手,找出事物的共同特点,然后得出结论)、推理法(从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明、分析,然后得出结论)、对照法(把正反两方面进行对照,然后加以分析,得出结论)、驳论法(先列出错误的观点,然后加以逐条批驳,最后阐明自己的观点)等。

3.掌握议论文的一般结构。议论文一般由引子、正文和结论三部分组成。一般在引子部分提出论点,即文章的主题,在正文部分摆出有利的事实,对论点进行严密的论证,最后根据前面的论证得出结论。 4.层次要清楚,态度要诚恳,做到以理服人。

[例题3] 请以“Is Watching TV a Good Thing?”为题写一篇议论文。内容如下: 1.看电视已成为人们生活中的一个重要部分; 2.看电视使人们从中受益;

3.不好的节目和长期看电视的影响及危害;

4.看电视是否是件好事,取决于人们自己。 参考词汇:犯罪crime 取决depend on 参考范文:

Is Watching TV a Good Thing?

Television has changed people's life much since it was invent-ed.Now it has become one important part of modern life.People enjoy themselves after hard work by watching TV.They can see some plays,some stories,some sports matches without going out of home,and without spending much money in buying tickets.TV programs make people's life more interesting.

People learn much from TV.Students can study by watching some educational programs.People can get news,weather reports,programs about science and computers.People all over the world can learn from each other and get knowledge when they are watching TV.

But not all the programs are good enough.Today,there are too many programs about love and crime.Some young people become bad because they learn from the bad people in those programs.And watching TV usually takes too much time.It's no good for people's work and study.It's not good for their eyes,either.

People all over the world are watching TV.Is watching TV a good thing or a bad one? I think it depends on people themselves.If one can choose good programs and he doesn't spend too much time on TV,it can be a good thing for him. 看图作文

在近几年的竞赛写作题中,有一半以上都是看图作文。尽管图文材料不一样,但写

作方法大致是相同的。总的来说,可分四个步骤进行:一审题,二定调,三写句,四连篇。

一、看图作文的“审题”包括“读图”和“审题”两个方面。“读图”要求:不但要看清楚每幅画面中的内容,还要看清看懂所给图画作为一个整体所要表达的内涵,后一点往往是考生易忽视的,从而犯孤立描述各图内容的错误。“审题”主要是审清题目的要求和注意事项。

二、“定调”是指确定文章写作的基调,要求做到“四定”,即:定人称(文章写作应使用的人称,即人称定位)、定时态(确定文章应使用的基本时态,即时间的定位)、定主题(文章写作的中心)、定内容(文章写作的素材)。在“定内容”时,对于不会表达的要点,可采用转换表达来解决,但不能遗漏要点,也不宜使用中文或汉语拼音代替。 三、“写句”是指在上述“四定”确定后,开始拟写句子。句子是文章的基本单位,写好每一个句子是写好一篇文章的前提之一。

四、“连篇”是指将写好的句子组合成篇章。这一过程的主要工作是使用一些过渡性词语,让句与句之间过渡自然,具有一定的逻辑联系,而不再是一个孤立的句子。这是高中英语教学需要着重培养的语言能力。 最后,还应认真修改和复查。

[例题10] 请根据所给的图画和文字提示内容,写一篇120字左右题为“Good wishes,but not good results”的短文。

提示:Tom在路上看到一口没有盖好的井(well),故而决定做件好事,将井盖好。但…… 参考范文

Tom was a kind-hearted boy.One day he was walking along the road when he saw a well uncovered.He thought it was very dangerous for children,so he decided to cover the well.The cover was so heavy that he made every effort to remove it.At last he managed to cover the well.

He was very pleased to do a good deed.With a smile on his face he turned his back and went away.Suddenly he heard a cry coming from the well,so he ran back and moved the cover away.To his surprise,a worker came out with some tools in his hand.He was repairing something inside.It was he who opened the cover of the well.