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结合ADO、ADOX和MFC的文档/视图/框架架构创建和打开Access数据库

2020-11-09 来源:汇智旅游网

本文描述了如何在MFC的文档/视图/框架架构中使用ADO和ADOX来创建和打开数据库。 预备阅读 MFC技术文章 TN025: Document, View, and Frame Creation 微软知识库文章 Q183606 ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) Frequently Asked Questions Q169496 INFO: Using Acti

本文描述了如何在MFC的文档/视图/框架架构中使用ADO和ADOX来创建和打开数据库。

预备阅读

MFC技术文章

  • TN025: Document, View, and Frame Creation
  • 微软知识库文章

  • Q183606 ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) Frequently Asked Questions
  • Q169496 INFO: Using ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) via #import in VC++
  • Q317881 HOW TO: Create an Access Database Using ADOX and Visual C# .NET
  • Q252908 HOWTO: Create a Table with Primary Key Through ADOX
  • Q201826 PRB: Error 3265 When You Access Properties Collection
  • Office VBA参考

  • Creating and Modifying Access Tables
  • 步骤

    1. 在计算机上安装MDAC2.5以上版本
    2. 打开VC。首先,我们使用MFC应用程序向导创建一个标准的MDI程序,这里我为这个工程起名为Passport,然后在stdafx.h中导入ADOX
      #include
      #import "c:/Program Files/Common Files/system/ado/Msado15.dll" rename("EOF","adoEOF") rename("DataTypeEnum","adoDataTypeEnum")
      #import "c:/Program Files/Common Files/System/ADO/Msadox.dll" rename("EOF", "adoXEOF") rename("DataTypeEnum","adoXDataTypeEnum")
      #import "c:/PROGRAM FILES/COMMON FILES/System/ado/MSJRO.DLL"

      根据你的计算机上ADO的安装路径,这里的路径可能有所不同。
    3. 在文档类中声明数据库连接 ADODB::_ConnectionPtr m_pConn;和记录集 ADODB::_RecordsetPtr m_pSet;,并且重载文档类的DeleteContents() 、OnNewDocument()和OnOpenDocument()函数,用于断开数据库连接,创建数据库和表,以及打开现有的数据库。
      (作者的抱怨:CSDN文章中心该改改了,代码排版这么麻烦)
      void CPassportDoc::DeleteContents()
      {
      try
      {
      if(m_pSet){
      ESRecordsetClose(m_pSet);
      }
      if(m_pConn)
      if(m_pConn->State&ADODB::adStateOpen)
      m_pConn->Close();
      m_pConn=NULL;
      }
      catch(_com_error &e){
      ESErrPrintProviderError(m_pConn);
      ESErrPrintComError(e);
      }
      CDocument::DeleteContents();
      }BOOL CPassportDoc::OnNewDocument()
      {
      if (!CDocument::OnNewDocument())
      return FALSE;
      CFileDialog dlgFile(FALSE, _T(".mdb"), NULL, OFN_HIDEREADONLY | OFN_PATHMUSTEXIST, _T("Access 数据库 (*.mdb)|*.mdb|全部文件(*.*)|*.*||"));
      if (dlgFile.DoModal() != IDOK)
      return FALSE;
      CString strDBPath=dlgFile.GetPathName();
      if(!CreateDB(strDBPath))return FALSE;
      //create
      CString strConnect;

      strConnect.Format(_T("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=%s"),strDBPath);
      COleVariant Connect(strConnect);
      // TODO: add reinitialization code here
      // (SDI documents will reuse this document)
      try{
      m_pConn.CreateInstance(_T("ADODB.Connection"));
      m_pSet.CreateInstance(_T("ADODB.Recordset"));
      m_pConn->PutCommandTimeout(30);
      m_pConn->PutConnectionTimeout(30);
      m_pConn->put_CursorLocation(ADODB::adUseClient);
      m_pConn->Open(_bstr_t(strConnect),_bstr_t(),_bstr_t(),ADODB::adConnectUnspecified);
      ::ESRecordsetOpen(_T("Passport"),m_pConn,m_pSet);
      SetPathName(strDBPath);
      return TRUE;
      }
      catch(_com_error &e){
      ESErrPrintProviderError(m_pConn);
      ESErrPrintComError(e);
      }
      catch(...){
      }
      m_pConn=NULL;
      return FALSE;
      }
      BOOL CPassportDoc::OnOpenDocument(LPCTSTR lpszPathName)
      {
      if (!CDocument::OnOpenDocument(lpszPathName))
      return FALSE;
      ADODB::_ConnectionPtr tempConnn;
      CString strConnect;
      CString strDBPath=lpszPathName;
      strConnect.Format(_T("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=%s"),strDBPath);
      COleVariant Connect(strConnect);
      // TODO: add reinitialization code here
      // (SDI documents will reuse this document)
      try{
      tempConnn.CreateInstance(_T("ADODB.Connection"));
      tempConnn->PutCommandTimeout(30);
      tempConnn->PutConnectionTimeout(30);
      tempConnn->put_CursorLocation(ADODB::adUseClient);
      tempConnn->Open(_bstr_t(strConnect),_bstr_t(),_bstr_t(),ADODB::adConnectUnspecified);
      SetPathName(strDBPath);
      m_pConn=tempConnn;
      m_pSet=NULL;
      m_pSet.CreateInstance(_T("ADODB.Recordset"));
      ::ESRecordsetOpen(_T("Passport"),m_pConn,m_pSet);
      UpdateAllViews(NULL,UpdateHintRefresh);
      return TRUE;
      }
      catch(_com_error &e){
      ESErrPrintProviderError(tempConnn);
      ESErrPrintComError(e);
      }
      catch(...){
      }
      return FALSE;
      }
    4. 编写一个辅助函数,用于创建数据库、表和索引
      BOOL CPassportDoc::CreateDB(LPCTSTR lpszFile)
      {
      if(::PathFileExists(lpszFile)){
      CString strTemp;
      strTemp.Format(IDS_TARGET_EXISTS,lpszFile);
      AfxMessageBox(lpszFile);
      return FALSE;
      }
      ADODB::_ConnectionPtr tempConnn;
      ADOX::_CatalogPtr pCatalog = NULL;
      ADOX::_TablePtr pTable = NULL;
      ADOX::_IndexPtr pIndexNew = NULL;
      ADOX::_IndexPtr pIndex = NULL;
      CString strConnect;
      CString strDBPath=lpszFile;
      strConnect.Format(_T("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=%s"),strDBPath);
      COleVariant Connect(strConnect);
      try{
      pCatalog.CreateInstance(_T("ADOX.Catalog"));
      pCatalog->Create((LPCTSTR)strConnect);//创建数据库
      tempConnn.CreateInstance(_T("ADODB.Connection"));
      tempConnn->PutCommandTimeout(30);
      tempConnn->PutConnectionTimeout(30);
      tempConnn->put_CursorLocation(ADODB::adUseClient);
      tempConnn->Open(_bstr_t(strConnect),_bstr_t(),_bstr_t(),ADODB::adConnectUnspecified);
      pCatalog->PutActiveConnection(_variant_t((IDispatch *) tempConnn));
      pTable.CreateInstance(_T("ADOX.Table"));
      pTable->ParentCatalog =pCatalog;
      pTable->Name="Passport";
      ADOX::ColumnsPtr pCols =pTable->Columns;
      pCols->Append(_T("RecordID") ,ADOX::adInteger,0);//自动编号字段
      pCols->Append(_T("Name") ,ADOX::adWChar,255);//文本字段
      pCols->Append(_T("DateOfBirth") ,ADOX::adDate,0);//日期字段
      pCols->Append(_T("OtherInfo"),ADOX::adLongVarWChar,0);//备注字段
      pCatalog->Tables->Refresh();
      long lCount=pCols->Count;
      for(long i=0;i pCols->GetItem(i)->ParentCatalog =pCatalog;//重要!设置Catalog,参见Q201826 PRB: Error 3265 When You Access Properties Collection
      ADOX::PropertiesPtr pProperties=pCols->GetItem(i)->Properties;
      if(pProperties){//这里是用于调试的属性显示代码
      long lp=pProperties->Count;
      TRACE("Properties for Col %s/r/n",(LPCTSTR)pCols->GetItem(i)->Name);
      for(long j=0;j TRACE("/rProperty %s:%s/r/n",g_GetValueString(pProperties->GetItem(j)->Name)
      ,g_GetValueString(pProperties->GetItem(j)->Value));
      }
      }
      }
      pCols->GetItem(_T("RecordID"))->Properties->GetItem(_T("Description"))->Value=_T("记录编号");//注释
      pCols->GetItem(_T("RecordID"))->Properties->GetItem(_T("AutoIncrement"))->Value=true;//自动编号
      pCols->GetItem(_T("Name"))->Properties->GetItem(_T("Jet OLEDB:Compressed UniCode Strings"))->Value=true;
      pCols->GetItem(_T("Name"))->Properties->GetItem(_T("Description"))->Value=_T("姓名");
      pCols->GetItem(_T("DateOfBirth"))->Properties->GetItem(_T("Description"))->Value=_T("出生日期");
      pCols->GetItem(_T("OtherInfo"))->Properties->GetItem(_T("Jet OLEDB:Compressed UniCode Strings"))->Value=true;
      pCols->GetItem(_T("OtherInfo"))->Properties->GetItem(_T("Description"))->Value=_T("其他信息");
      pCatalog->Tables->Append(_variant_t ((IDispatch*)pTable));//添加表
      pCatalog->Tables->Refresh();//刷新
      pIndexNew.CreateInstance(_T("ADOX.Index"));
      pIndexNew->Name = "RecordID";//索引名称
      pIndexNew->Columns->Append("RecordID",ADOX::adInteger,0);//索引字段
      pIndexNew->PutPrimaryKey(-1);//主索引
      pIndexNew->PutUnique(-1);//唯一索引
      pTable->Indexes->Append(_variant_t ((IDispatch*)pIndexNew));//创建索引
      pIndexNew=NULL;
      pCatalog->Tables->Refresh();//刷新
      return TRUE;
      }
      catch(_com_error &e){
      ESErrPrintProviderError(tempConnn);
      ESErrPrintComError(e);
      return FALSE;
      }
      catch(...){
      }
      return FALSE;
      }
    5. 辅助的数据库函数。由于这些函数是Jiangsheng以前为一个项目写的。所以命名有些奇怪。借鉴了MFC类CDaoRecordset的部分代码
      #define _countof(array) (sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]))
      BOOL ESRecordsetOpen(
      LPCTSTR lpszSQL
      ,ADODB::_ConnectionPtr pConnection
      ,ADODB::_RecordsetPtr& rst
      ,ADODB::CursorTypeEnum CursorType//=adOpenDynamic
      ,ADODB::LockTypeEnum LockType//=ado20::adLockOptimistic
      ,long lOptions//=adCmdUnspecified
      )
      {
      _bstr_t bstrQuery;
      const TCHAR _afxParameters2[] = _T("PARAMETERS ");
      const TCHAR _afxSelect2[] = _T("SELECT ");
      const TCHAR _afxTransform2[] = _T("TRANSFORM ");
      const TCHAR _afxTable2[] = _T("TABLE ");
      // construct the default query string
      if ((_tcsnicmp(lpszSQL, _afxSelect2, _countof(_afxSelect2)-1) != 0) &&
      (_tcsnicmp(lpszSQL, _afxParameters2, _countof(_afxParameters2)-1) != 0) &&
      (_tcsnicmp(lpszSQL, _afxTransform2, _countof(_afxTransform2)-1) != 0) &&
      (_tcsnicmp(lpszSQL, _afxTable2, _countof(_afxTable2)-1) != 0)){
      CString strTemp;
      strTemp.Format("SELECT * FROM (%s)",lpszSQL);
      bstrQuery=(LPCTSTR)strTemp;
      }
      else
      bstrQuery=lpszSQL;
      if(rst!=NULL){
      rst->CursorLocation=ADODB::adUseClient;
      rst->Open(bstrQuery,_variant_t(pConnection.GetInterfacePtr(),true),CursorType,LockType,lOptions);
      }
      TRACE("Open Recordset:%s/n",lpszSQL);
      return ESRecordsetIsOpen(rst);
      }
      BOOL ESRecordsetIsOpen(const ADODB::_RecordsetPtr& rst)
      {
      if(rst!=NULL){
      return rst->State&ADODB::adStateOpen;
      }
      return FALSE;
      }
      void ESRecordsetClose(ADODB::_RecordsetPtr& rst)
      {
      if(rst!=NULL){
      if(rst->State&ADODB::adStateOpen)
      rst->Close();
      }
      }
      CString g_GetValueString(const _variant_t& val)
      {
      CString strVal;
      _variant_t varDest(val);
      if(!g_varIsValid(val)){
      return strVal;
      }
      if(val.vt==VT_BOOL){
      if(val.boolVal==VARIANT_FALSE){
      return _T("否");
      }
      else
      return _T("是");
      }
      else{
      }
      if(varDest.vt!=VT_BSTR){
      HRESULT hr=::VariantChangeType(&varDest,&varDest,VARIANT_NOUSEROVERRIDE|VARIANT_LOCALBOOL,VT_BSTR);
      if(FAILED(hr)){
      return strVal;
      }

      }
      strVal=(LPCTSTR)_bstr_t(varDest);
      return strVal;
      }
    6. 错误处理代码
      void ESErrPrintComError(_com_error &e)
      {
      _bstr_t bstrSource(e.Source());
      _bstr_t bstrDescription(e.Description());
      CString strTemp;
      strTemp.Format(_T("´错误/n/t错误代码: %08lx/n/t含义: %s/n/t来自 : %s/n/t描述 : %s/n"),
      e.Error(),e.ErrorMessage(),(LPCSTR) bstrSource,(LPCSTR) bstrDescription);
      // Print COM errors.
      ::AfxMessageBox(strTemp);
      #ifdef _DEBUG
      AfxDebugBreak();
      #endif
      }
      void ESErrPrintProviderError(ADODB::_ConnectionPtr pConnection)
      {
      if(pConnection==NULL) return;
      try{
      // Print Provider Errors from Connection object.
      // pErr is a record object in the Connection's Error collection.
      ADODB::ErrorPtr pErr = NULL;
      ADODB::ErrorsPtr pErrors=pConnection->Errors;
      if(pErrors){
      if( (pErrors->Count) > 0){
      long nCount = pErrors->Count;
      // Collection ranges from 0 to nCount -1.
      for(long i = 0;i < nCount;i++){
      pErr = pErrors->GetItem(i);
      CString strTemp;
      strTemp.Format(_T("/t 错误代码: %x/t%s"), pErr->Number, pErr->Description);
      }
      }
      }
      }
      catch(_com_error &e){
      ESErrPrintComError(e);
      }
      }

    总结

    在文档/视图/框架架构中集成数据库访问总体来说还是难度不大的。微软提供了很多示例的代码,大部分工作只是把示例代码从其他语言改写到VC。主要的工作是对MFC的文档/视图/框架架构的理解,在适当的时候调用这些代码。

    尽管我在打开数据库的同时也打开了一个记录集,但是我并未给出显示记录集内容的代码,这超出了本文的范围。我可以给出的提示是使用现成的数据列表控件来显示,微软知识库文章Q229029 SAMPLE: AdoDataGrid.exe Demonstrates How to Use ADO with DataGrid Control Using Visual C++可以作为参考。

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